2U4 MANUFACTURES OF RUSSIA. 



hall a>signed to that kind of work 40 machines were established. Enamels (coloured 

 glazes) were prepared in a separate building under the direction of a special foreman 

 Basil Iv. Zhoukov; the number of their shades was over 200. 



The manufactory produced among other wares enamelled majolica, Dutch tiles, 

 jiiul V'^iiited plates for ikonostases and exterior facings. Instances of such goods 

 are shewn by the church, built by the architect Lion on the estate of Mrs. Pe- 

 trovo-Solovovo in the Kirsanovsk district, the facing of which is all made of ma- 

 jolica ornaments; the ikonostas in a church of the district of Kashira; the window 

 arches in the chapel of St. Panteleimon in Moscow, some parts of the Barbara 

 chapel in Moscow, and others. The majolica manufactured by Masleunikov found 

 ready markets toward the eighties in Moscow and St. Petersburg; in later years 

 this special kind of work, remaining under the former management of S. J. Mas- 

 lennikov, was joined to the vast manufactories of M. S. Kousnetsov. It should be 

 mentioned that wares very much like majolica, made of light or reddish clays and 

 enamelled with very bright coloured glazes, form a favourite branch of household 

 industry in many localities; it often occurs that such wares, notwithstanding their 

 cheapness, do not lack a certain amount of artistic taste, and serve ornamental pur- 

 poses. Thus, in southern Eussia, the peasants of Little Russia, of the Kharkov and 

 Poltava governments, are manufacturing majolica uni-coloured and multi-coloured, 

 for example, the peasant Padalka, Lebedinsk district, government of Kharkov, pro- 

 duces green majolica, and Eoman Kouscha and Pavel Kalashnik produce majolica out 

 of the clays of the Zenkovsk district of the government of Poltava. 



The production of ornamental coloured tiles and mosaic ceramic plates for 

 facing had in different times estimable representatives among the manufacturers, 

 who learned the art at the Stroganovs drawing - school in Moscow, founded by 

 V. J. Boutovsky, and having a special division for muffle painting on porcelain, 

 faience, and tiles, with a separate furnace situated in the Polytechnic Museum. Some 

 of the leading manufacturers were engaged in the production; so for example, Gous- 

 sarev in Moscow was renowned for his terra-cotta wares made of red clay; A. J. 

 Yagn, at whose factory in the village Voronki, in the Koseletsk district of the Cher- 

 nigov government, peasant boys of 15 to 19 years did the work, and. where the 

 mezliigorsh kaolin of Kiev was used in the manufacture; the highest degree of artistic 

 work was attained by Bonafede together with the academician Monighetti. and by the 

 architect Kharlamov in St. Petersburg, as well as by some others. Nevertheless, the 

 special development of the manufactory of S. J. Maslennikov, which arose by means 

 of the gradual changes undergone by the simplest branches of the ceramic art, must 

 be reckoned as one of the most important moments of the establishment of majolica 

 manufacture in Eussia; the further progress of this industry, seeing its character, 

 depends only upon the measure of artistical taste and labour applied to it. This 

 factory is situated in the village Chermiatka, 30 versts distant from the station 

 Troitsa of the Eybinsk-Bologoe Eailway; the production of majolica forms now a part 

 of the business of M. S. Kousnetsov, and this factory is owned by Dr Bieline, who 

 lias introduced another speciality, namely, the production of drain pipes. 



Eeturning to the ceramic industry in the government of Tver, it should be 

 mentioned that one of its localities, namely the Korchevsk district, nearest to the 

 Moscow government, was one of the first centres of the manufacture of the highest 



