-2 12 MANUFACTURES OF RUSSIA. 



higli decree of perfection, and has taken the first place in all Russia with regard 

 to their trade returns, no such factories are to be found either in the government 

 of Kiev, nor in all the other governments of the south, except those of Volyn and 

 Kharkov, reckoning as the south of Russia all the territories lying to the south of 

 52" north latitude ; but there are as before many small peasant workshops, and a cer- 

 tain number of larger manufactories for ordinary potter's work and for Dutch tiles. 

 In the following nine governments : Voronezh, Ekaterinoslav, Kursk, Kharkov, Kherson. 

 Taurida, Kiev, Chernigov, and in the district of the Don Cossacks, there are 54 

 special potteries, while in all European Russia there are 186. The greater part 

 of these 54 southern manufactories of pottery and Dutch tiles, namely 23, are 

 found in the government of Taurida. 



Among the southern kaolins of the above-mentioned places the excellent 

 Kherson kaolin is, besides the Gloukhovsk clay, at present much worked up. Its ex- 

 ploitation has been of late very considerably developed, chiefly in the strata of the 

 Krivoy-Rog, where the celebrated iron ores ai^e also found. It is used not only lo- 

 cally but is also exported. In the government of Kharkov the faience manufactory 

 of Mr Nikitin, about 50 versts from Kharkov, established in the year 1860, endeav- 

 oured to use, in the beginning of the 8th decade, the kaolins of the governments 

 of Ekaterinoslav and Kherson in the manufacture of their wares. About that time 

 the manufactory was transferred to M. S. Kusnetsov, was rebuilt by this enterpris- 

 ing gentleman, and has now become the chief centre of faience manufactory for 

 southern Russia. 



Its importance to the Empire consists in its being the great centre for the 

 employment of southern (Kherson) kaolins, and for its having become the medium 

 for the use of home material in other manufactories. Of the three south- 

 western governments of Russia, Volynia, Podolia and Bessarabia, the kaolin strata 

 of the first-mentioned are largely used, which are found in the circle of Novgrad- 

 Volynsk and Zaslavel, for instance, near the villages Korets, Gorodnitsy and Ba- 

 ranovka. In these districts the first porcelain and faience manufactories were estab- 

 lished as early as the commencement of this century. They were conducted in 

 those days by the representatives of the aristocracy. 



The first manufactories of Korets faience and porcelain, in the village of Ko- 

 rets, were those of the Countess Pototsky, of De Meseram in Baranovka, of the Prince 

 Chartorizhskj' in Gorodnitsy, which afterwards went into the hands of Mr. Ru- 

 likovsky, and which, in the aggregate of its wares, occupied the first place among 

 the manufactories of the government of Volynia. At the present time these 

 works remain, some in the same places as before, but in the hands of other pro- 

 prietors ; and some have been replaced by new establishments, for instance, in Ba- 

 ranovka the former manufactory, at present considerably improved, has passed into 

 the hands of the Princess Kasimira Grokholsky ; in Gorodnitsy there is a manufac- 

 tory which has been transferred from Rudolf Bossy to B. I. Inghistov, and is now 

 worked by Felix Susman. 



The most important faience and porcelain manufactory of this district, in im- 

 portance and in the aggregate of its productions, belongs at present to the Princess 

 Ludgard Yablonovsky, of the Xovgrad-Volynsk district, village Kameny-Brod, al- 

 though it is also worked by Isaac Susman. Besides these there are smaller previous- 



