I 



CERAMICS. 213 



ly existing works in the hands of I. I. Plachkovsky (formerly A. Peters), of the 

 same district, in the village Dovbysh, and of Isaac Herslifeld in the district of 

 Zhitomir, village liaramy. The total value of the production of all the present por- 

 celain and faience manufactories of the government of Volhynia reaches the sum of 

 175,000 roubles, whereof 125,000 roubles fall to the share of the chief manufactory 

 of the Princess Yablonovsky. 



Passing over into the western region of Russia, there are in the Polish 

 governments, namely, Warsaw, Kalish and Eadom, at the present time some faience 

 and porcelain manufactories which turn out a moderate amount of goods, the great- 

 er part of which fall to the share of German firms, for example, Teichfeld, Shreer 

 and Engelman, Freidenreich, Eauch, in all at present 7 manufactories. The wares 

 turned out of these manufactories consist particularly of faience goods, to the amount 

 of 375,000 roubles. In the neighbouring northern governments, Grodno, Vilno, Kov- 

 no, and Vitebsk, there are only some small manufactories for potter's work, 11 in 

 all ; in the first two governments there are a great many brick manufactories, 

 which branch of the trade is more developed in the government of Grodno. In the 

 same government there is a small porcelain and faience manufactory belonging 

 to Mrs. Fanshaw, district Belsk, estate Pakanevo, founded in the j^ear 1879. In the 

 Baltic governments, where there are some comparatively great centres of potter's 

 work, particularly in Livonia, are found two porcelain and faience manufactories 

 which are distinguished not only for their home trade, but also for their exports 

 into the neighbouring provinces of the northern region. The most important of 

 these is in Riga, and belongs to M. S. Kusnetsov; the other lies in Miillgraben, a 

 suburb of the town, and belongs to I. K. Essen and A. K. Khrapunov. The porce- 

 lain manufactories in Eiga were established in the year 1843 by Sidor Terentje- 

 vich Kusnetsov, the father of the present proprietor. Before that, there was in this 

 place a manufactory belonging to Kamarin, which was bought by M. S. Kusnetsov 

 for a considerable sum, and afterwards closed. S. T. Kusnetsov bought a parcel of 

 ground and built a new manufactory on it, w^hich is working now. At present this 

 factory, under the management of his heir, has become one of the most impor- 

 tant centres of the great earthenware trade of Eussia. The manufactory of Essen, 

 one of the most active merchants of Eiga, was established 1887, and makes very 

 good porcelain. The annual value of its production is, however, equal only to one- 

 fourth of the above-named manufactory. 



For all Eussia, as well as for the St. Petersburg market, the greatest portion 

 of the faience and porcelain goods are furnished by the manufactories of M. S. Kus- 

 netsov. The porcelain and faience manufactory of Ivan Emeljanovich Kusnetsov, 

 which, as well as the above-named works of M. S. Kusnetsov, arose in Gzhel, and 

 is situated in the government of Novgorod, near the station Volkhov of the St. Pe- 

 tersburg-lloscow Eaihvay on the river Volkhov, on the very frontier of the govern- 

 ment of St. Petersburg, is also of no small importance to the St. Petersburg trade. 



The two celebrated porcelain manufactories of St. Petersburg are known from 

 their great importance beyond the bounds of the country. The older one, the Impe- 

 rial manufactory, in the artistic finish of its production is beyond all competition, 

 and is known through all Europe. The other, the manufactory of the Kornilov Bro- 

 thers, which must, from the merit of its productions, be placed, immediately after 



