CEBAMICS. 217 



1. The works in Riga, consisting of 4 larj^e divisions, each being an inde- 

 pendent niannfactory in separate buildings, and with a distinct management. It prod- 

 uces faience of the liighest quality, half-faience, and porcelain of both high and com- 

 mon quality. The number of workmen engaged is 950, and the annual value of the 

 production, 600,000 roubles. There are 18 furnaces and 5 steam engines, together of 

 154 horse power. 



2. The manufactory in Tver (formerly Auerbach's, transferred 1871) under the 

 firm of M. S. Kousnetsov & Co., which has preserved its former specialty of faience 

 production, and consists now of two divisions, one for high and the other for medium 

 grades, with 1,220 workmen, and an annual production of 500,000 roubles; it has 

 12 furnaces, 4 steam engines of 88 horse power. 



3. The oldest (1832) and largest manufactory in Dulevo, of the Pokrovsk dist- 

 rict in the government of Vladimir, has for its specialty porcelain only. There are 

 two divisions, for high and common porcelain. This manufactory is distinguished by 

 furnaces of particularly large dimensions. Nearly all the furnaces have an inner 

 diameter of 10 arshines (7,1 metres) and a height of 7 arshines (4.27 metres) to the 

 arch. In 1884 there were in this manufactory 4 such furnaces; three of them, for 

 common porcelain, and one for higher grades. At present there are 6 furnaces, 21* 

 mufflers for burning in the colours, 220 potters lathes and 27 lathes for polishing. 

 In the painting halls there are 466 places; there are two steam engines of a total 

 93 horsepower. The fuel for the manufactory is peat; the light, electricity. The 

 Avhole number of workmen is 1,400; their total annual earnings, 316,000 roubles. 

 The annual production of the Dulevsk manufactory amounts to 600,000 roubles. 



4. The manufactory in the government of Klrarkov. district of Kharkov, volost 

 Korotichansk, village Budy, remarkable for its using the kaolin of southern Russin, 

 produces especially faience ware. Reorganized by M. S. Kousnetsov in the year 1887, 

 it has been considerably enlarged of late ; it has 6 ovens and 3 steam engines of 50 

 horse power. The annual production amounts to 200,000 roubles, with 620 workmen. 



5. The manufactory of the government of Moscow, formerly of Gardner, dist- 

 rict Dmitrovsk, village Verbilky. which is held in history to be the first porcelain 

 manufactory of Russia, founded nearly at the same time as the Imperial manufactory 

 in St. Petersburg, has been more than a century in the hands of the Gardner firm, 

 and produced in the first 75 years of its activity exclusively porcelain. It was the 

 lifth porcelain manufactory in Europe in point of date, being outranked by those of 

 Meissen, Vienna, Berlin and Munic. At the present time this manufactory has for 

 the production of porcelain and faience, 12 furnaces of moderate size, 38 mufflers and 

 1 steam engine of 30 horse power; it produces porcelain and faience wares worth 

 200,000 roubles per year. 



Consequently all five manufactories of M. S. Kousnetsov represent an annual 

 production of 2,100,000 roubles, while the production of all the 47 porcelain and 

 faience manufactories of Russia together exceed 4 million roubles. Nearly the half 

 of the production of the country is represented by these five large manufactories. 

 Among the other 42 manufactories, the porcelain and faience works of I. E. Kous- 

 netsov at the station Volkhov, owing to its great output, should be mentioned first; 

 its production amounts to 360,000 roubles, with 280 workmen (1890). Then come 

 the Moscow manufactories, the representatives of the present Gzhelsk porcelain 



