CEKAMICS. '2n> 



Amonp: the smaller firms beyond ^loscovv there are some which produce espec- 

 ially faience; they make only table ware and some other small articles, for instance, 

 vessels for apotliecaries such as jars for salves and for preserving materials. Two 

 small manufactories of the government of Tambov, and on the eastern side, one 

 of porcelain in Ufa and one of faience in Perm may be noticed. More important 

 than these are those which are situated more westerly and centrally, for instance, 

 the manufactory in the government of Kaluga wliich was always very popular among 

 the people of an extensive area round about; the faience manufactory in Pesoclina, 

 village Pesochensky, district Zhisdrensky, of General S. J. Maltsov, which manu- 

 factures from liome clay, and was founded in 1853; and another faience manufactory 

 of the sauie proprietor in Lubokhna, in the same vicinity, in the district Briansk of 

 the government of Oriol, founded in 1880. The faience manufactory in Pesotchna, 

 which attracts attention in tlie present case and which is almost lost sight of in the 

 whole group of the manufactories of Maltsov, produces at tlie present time faience 

 ware of middle quality but at an exceedingly cheap price, and to the value of 

 70,000 roubles (the production of former years amounted to 100,000 roubles), with 

 300 workmen, 4 steam engines and 3 water wheels with a total of about 90 horse 

 power. Referring to the above-mentioned porcelain and faience manufactories of the 

 g.n-ernment of Volynia, which use in their manufacture home kaolin, and which avail 

 themselves of the rare advantage in Russia of having their own home spar and quartz, 

 tliis general account of porcelain and faience manufactories in Russia may be closed. 



This preceding table shows that the total annual production of porcelain and 

 faience in Russia represents 4,404,000 roubles and that tlie main part of this pro- 

 duction falls to the share of those governments where, as explained above, the former 

 manufactories of Kousnetsov are situated, namely, in the governments of Vladimir, 

 liivonia. and Tver; and then, in the governments of JIoscow witli its 14 large and 

 small manufactories, and St. Petersburg with its two porcelain works. 



As material for the Russian porcelain and faience works, besides the home 

 kaolins of different places, such as the Gloukhovsk, Khersonsk, Volynsk, Gzhelsk, 

 and some other home faience clays, the English imported kaolin is also used, 

 the import of which into Russia is very considerable. The English china clay 

 from Cornwall is imported of different sorts, beginning with the first quality wiiicli 

 costs, for instance, in St. Petersburg 40 to 50 kopecks a poud, or about 15 dollars 

 per metric ton, and going on to the fourth grade whicli costs 18 to 20 kopecks a poud. 

 and is used, for instance, for telegraph insulators. Estimating with the foregoing that 

 quantity of china clay which is used in paper manufactories, and which may be rated 

 equal to that for the earthenware production, that is to say, about one-half of the 

 whole demand for both purposes, the import of the china clay of Cornwall would 

 amount to nearly 800,000 pouds a year, of which about 400,000 pouds are used in 

 porcelain and faience manufactories. Among the different sorts of china clay the 

 blue is imported, which is sometimes used for faience. 



The feldspar and quartz for porcelain is brought from Finland and Norway, 

 and from the government of Olonets. Besides this, as mentioned, the manufactories 

 of the government of Volynia have their own feldspar; and near Ekaterinburg is 

 found a quartz, and particularly spar, known under the name of Siberian. Quartz 

 and spar are nearly of the same price, and cost on an average, quartz 18 to 



