CEMENTS. v?') 



power is now being erected for enlarging the prodnction). The other extreme is re- 

 presented by the Moscow Podolsk works, which use a hard limestone and have 7 steam 

 engines of a total of 900 horse power, although the output is slightly less than 

 that of the Port Kunda factory. These data have been communicated by the chief 

 director of the Podolsk works, j\[r Euhart. The large foreign manufactories, such 

 as the Dekerhov on the Rhine, and the Allsen in the north of Germany, employ twice 

 as much power. It may be said that altogether the eight existing Portland cement 

 factories in Russia employ a motive power of not less than 2,500 horsepower; out of 

 these the Riga works have about 480 powers, so that the above-named tliree oldest 

 works have together about 1,680 horse power. The amount of coal and coke annually 

 consumed in the production of Portland cement at these factories is about 3,500,000 

 pouds. All the works have their own cooper shops, and the hoops for the casks some- 

 times form an object of rural industry in the same neighbourhood. The normal 

 trade weight of a cask of cement is 11 pouds gross, and almost 10 '/a pouds ret, 

 similar to the German cask of 170 to 175 kilograms. According to the latest official 

 data the normal weight of a cask in somewhat less, between 164 and 168 kilogrammes'*. 

 The present production of the Russian Portland cement factories in 1890 is given 

 in the following table, which is compiled from data furnished by the works to the 

 Meeting of the Cement Manufacturers in St. Petersburg, in Februry, 1892. 



PORTLAND CEMENT. 



Production 

 IN 1891. 



Casks. 



1. The Vissoko in Poland | 118,000 



117,000 

 112,000 

 173,000 

 95,000 

 120,000 

 140,000 

 45,000 



2. The Gloukhoosersk in St. Peters\)urg 



3. The Grodzintsk 



4. The Novorossisk 



5. The Podolsk 



6. The Port Kunda 



7. The Riga 



8. The Schurovo 



Total 



920,000 



According to the data for 1892 the production of these eight factories increased 

 to one million casks, that is, over ten million pouds, or about 164,000 metric tons of 

 Portland cement. The production for the present year may, from private information, 

 be estimated at not less than eleven million pouds. It is also known from private sources 

 that, in 1890, these eight works produced about 700,000 casks, or 7,000,000 pouds 

 of Portland cement. The official statistics of tlie internal production do not separate 



* Regulations and normals legal for the Russian cement industry, see besides Rus- 

 sian official sources, the protocol of the 15th general meeting of the German Portland Ce- 

 ment Woik Union, from the 26th to the 27th Februry, 1892. 



18* 



