58 SIlfKIJlA. 



two species of currant (ribes trisle Pall, and piilcheiliini Tiircz.), honey-suckle (lonicera 

 chrysantlia Turcz.), two species of shrubby birch (belula divaricata Led. an<l Gmelini Bi-'c.) 

 and the willows (salix berberifolia Pers. et divaricata Pall.), the remaining willows found 

 here belonging to the Eiiiopean kimls. 



To the kinds dissominatod over the whole of Siberia belong not only all the coniferous 

 trees of Transbaikalia, namely, the pine (pinus sylvestris L.), the Siberian and daur larches 

 (iaiix sibiricii lii'il. and daviiiica Fiijch.), the Siberian lir (allies sibirica Led.), the Siberian 

 pitch pine (picea orientalis L.) and the cedar (pinus cernbra L.), but also many of the 

 deciduous trees, the white and daur birches (betula alba L. and davurica), the aspen (po- 

 puhis tremula L.), et cetera. The fine-scented pojilar (poplns suaveolens Fisch.) is met 

 with on both sides of Lake Baikal. 



As for the herbaceous floia, of 112 .species of them, first met with beyond Baikal, 

 only 46 pass over to the Amour, the rest belonging to the local so-called daur flora, which 

 serves as the connecting link between Siberia and Mongolia, whither indeed many plants cross 

 over. Among the latter are, for example, of the crow's foot family (ranunculaceae) two spe- 

 cies of hollcboie (eranthis sibirica Dc. and uncinnata Turcz.) and actinospora davurica Turcz.; 

 5 crucifeiae draba, mongolica Turcz., tetrapoma barbareaefolium Turcz., dontostamon eglan- 

 diilosus Led. and oblongifolius Led.; of the leguminosae 10 species of oxytropis (a genus 

 characteristic of the mountain steppos of Central Asia, entirely unknown on the Amour), two 

 astragals; of the rose family (chamaerhodos grandiflora Led. and trifidaLed.); of the stonecrops, 

 (saxifraga inultiflora Led.); 6 unibelliferae, 6 compositae; of the corolliflorae. pinguicula spa- 

 thulata Led.; three species of bindweeds (ipomea sibirica Pers,, calystegiapellitaLed. and cal- 

 ystegia subvolubilis Led.); 4 borragincae, 3 scrophularieae, 3 labiatcae and 3 species of statice 

 characteristic of the salt steppe; of the family of moiioclihuuydae, two species of rhubarb 

 (rheum undulatura L. et campcstre L.), one of sorrel (rumex Gmelini Turcz,), passerina 

 Stelleri Wickstr. and a spurge (euphorbia Pallasii Turcz.); of the monocotyledons, sparganium 

 longifolium Turcz.; two orchids (orchis salina Turcz. gymnadenia pauciflora Lindl.), iris vent- 

 ricosa Pall., panlanthus dichotomus Led., polygonatum sibiricum Led., two sedges and two 

 grasses. 



Corresponding to the striking change in the vegetable covering of the Transbaikal 

 country is that of the fauna: of the invertebrates. Very many of their forms, entirely absent 

 from Siberia, as for example among the articulate animals the river crayfish, appear upon the 

 upper streams of the Amour system, of course with specific distinctions from the European 

 (astacus amourensis). The approach to the sea makes itself felt in the appearance of such 

 forms of insects also as serve as transitional forms from the continental to the littoral. Thus, 

 for example, in the genus; carabus of the family of the coleoptera, not possessing true wings 

 under their brilliant elytra, the local elongated, comparatively narrow forms of the subgenus 

 coptolabrus (species coptolabrus smaragdinus Fisch), serve as the transition to the still more 

 elongated forms of the Japanese subgenus of carabs damaster. 



As regards the vertebrate fauna, with the more extensive regions of distribution of 

 these animals, the Transbaikal fauna naturally shews incomparably more resemblance to the 

 remaining fauna of Siberia. Nevertheless, to the animals occurrinc over the whole forest zone 



