MEANING OF FOREST AND FORESTRY 5 
applied is the word stumpage. It ordinarily means 
standing timber considered with reference to its 
amount and value for cutting, so called because the 
amount eut is ascertained by counting and measuring 
the stumps. 
A “ virgin forest ” is one in which there has been 
no cutting. It refers to natural and not planted for- 
ests. The term “second growth” is variously ap- 
plied, but usually refers to forests which are not 
virgin, and which have not been planted. 
The German term ‘ forst,” the French “ forét,” 
and the English ‘‘ forest”? have for many years im- 
plied care and protection. The removal of forests, 
without regard for their regeneration, is called de- 
forestation. The formation of forests on deforested 
areas is called reforestation. The French word “ re- 
boisement,” which means the same as reforestation, 
is sometimes used in English. The French “ bois,” 
the Spanish ‘ bosque,” the Italian ‘‘ boseo,” the 
Dutch “bosche,” the German “busch,” and the 
English “bush” are probably all different forms of 
the same word. The term bush in the sense of woods 
is used in this country in the word “ sugar-bush.” 
A forest with undergrowth is called “ the bush” in 
South Africa, Australia, and Canada. The term 
“scrub ” is used in the same sense in Australia. A 
woods choked with underbrush is often called a “ jun- 
