28 PRACTICAL FORESTRY 
who buys land to strip it and then to desert it. We 
are only concerned with those persons who have per- 
manency in mind, those persons who own property 
in the country for the pleasure it affords them or 
for the income which it yields. For the sake of con- 
venience we may classify owners into, first, those who 
own farms with wood-lots, and, second, those who own 
large areas of forest and a small proportion of cul- 
tivated land. The latter may be called forest farms. 
Owners may be classified also according to purpose. 
The first includes all those cases where pleasure and 
not income is the controlling factor. In such cases 
there are legitimate returns, but they are not in the 
form of dollars and cents, and are difficult to meas- 
ure. In the second class, income in money is the 
controlling factor. 
Forests for pleasure may be usually divided into 
two classes: First, those which give pleasure because 
of their beauty, and, second, those which give pleas- 
ure because of the game which they contain. Al 
though these two may be easily combined, the consti- 
tution of the forest must be modified for game. There 
is usually much difference between the form of an 
esthetic and a commercial forest. In a commercial 
forest the trees are often set in rows with mathemat- 
ical precision. It is the same throughout. A forest, 
to be beautiful, must be wild and varied. The plants 
