THE FORMATION OF FORESTS 123 
bed should have a frame-cover which should be sup- 
ported by four stakes, one at each corner, and the 
cover should be elevated about one foot or eighteen 
inches from the ground. This should be so arranged 
that it can be easily moved on or off. Conifers in 
youth require shade and protection. In various parts 
of the world a shelter is formed over the nursery 
similar to a grape-arbor, so that men can work under 
it with ease. A grade of light picket fencing, held 
together by twisted wires and sold by the roll, is ex- 
tensively used on the east coast of Florida for shad- 
ing pineapple fields. This would be excellent for 
small tree nurseries. In tropical countries, especially 
for rubber and coffee, some of the original forest trees 
are left standing in the nurseries for shade. 
The seeds may be sown broadeast in the bed or in 
lines about four inches apart. A quick way to make 
even drills is by means of a batten frame. Several 
battens may be nailed into a frame so that several 
drills of even depth and width may be formed at 
once. This drill-frame may be constructed of vari- 
ous-sized battens, depending upon the depth and 
width of drill required, which depends in turn upon 
the kind of seed, varying from one-half to two inches. 
After the seed is sown the drills-may be closed with 
the hand or rake, or by sifting rich dirt over the 
surface. 
