154 PRACTICAL FORESTRY 
There have developed certain systems of forest 
management which are classified according to the 
manner of cutting and of regenerating. Notwith- 
standing the complexities of these European systems, 
with their manifold modifications and combinatiens, 
the methods of forest treatment may be divided into 
four systems which are more or less applicable the 
world over. Each system has its advantages and dis- 
advantages, and must be adapted to the conditions 
which exist in every instance, and its success, above 
all, is dependent upon the knowledge and skill of the 
person who endeavors to apply it. These systems are 
briefly, as follows: 
I. The selection system, which is especially adapt- 
ed to uneven-aged or irregular protection forests. 
II. The system of clear-cutting and then regen- 
erating by planting with young trees, or by sowing 
the seed, or by waiting until the wind sows it from 
an adjoining forest. 
III. The system of regenerating pure forests 
naturally by uniformly and gradually thinning 
throughout, and admitting light in such a way that 
the seeds will germinate and the young growth prop- 
erly develop. 
IV. The coppice system, where the forest con- 
sists of species which will sprout from the stump or 
the root. 
