THE LUMBER INDUSTRY 193 
encourage the young growth on which we must de- 
pend for future supphes. 
Inseparably associated with the pine and spruce 
of the North is the hardy French-Canadian, an ex- 
cellent laborer, who loves the life of the lumber-camp 
and the work in the north woods in spite of its dangers 
and hardships. 
The conditions of lumbering in the South differ 
from those in the North in many respects. There is 
no snow and no river-driving. The season fit for 
work in the woods is longer and less rigorous. The 
country is mostly level, and the trees, as in the case 
of the yellow pine, are often so far apart that one may 
drive through the woods without meeting with serious 
obstacles. In Georgia, for instance, the ground be- 
tween the trees is covered with grass, and fires are 
set every year to improve the pasturage. 
The trees are not cut into logs in the woods as is 
the case in the North. The tree-stem, after the limbs 
and top have been removed, is swung under the axle 
of two large wide-tired wheels, and hauled through 
the woods by teams of mules or oxen. The stems 
are thus partly carted and partly dragged to the rail- 
road or sawmill. At the mill they are converted into 
floor-boards, finishing-boards, planks, or any one of 
the many kinds of lumber for which these southern 
pines are useful. The work of conversion is done 
