RESIN AND TURPENTINE 205 
In the collection of crude turpentine the surface 
of the tree is scarified for a few feet from the butt. 
At the bottom of this blaze a deep cavity is cut. This 
is called “ boxing.” Into this cavity the crude tur- 
pentine drips from the wound above. 
The material as it escapes from the tree consists 
of resin, which is dissolved in the spirits of turpentine. 
On coming in contact with the air some of the tur- 
pentine evaporates, so that the resin is left in a more 
or less fluid condition, depending upon the amount of 
turpentine which it contains. 
The crude resin is collected and transported to 
the distillery, where the pure resin and turpentine are 
completely separated. In consequence of such treat- 
ment the tree dies in the course of a few years and 
blows down, burns down, or is cut for lumber. 
Although this country has for many years sup- 
plied a large part of the world’s demand for these 
extremely useful substances, the industry is doomed 
in time to destruction unless there is a change in the 
manner of exploitation. In the pine forests of 
France, a very different method is practised. The 
tree continues to yield crude resin for a long period 
of time, and is only slightly, if at all, injured by the 
process. Instead of scarifying the whole side of the 
tree and cutting a deep cavity at its base, the French 
in Gascony cut a narrow groove, which is lengthened 
