OTHER COMMON FOREST PRODUCTS 209 
a tube into barrels fixed ready to receive it. In this 
old-time method many valuable products were lost 
in the smoke. 
The modern method of wood distillation is a very 
economical and at the same time simple method of 
charcoal manufacture. In this way wood of little 
value, such as knot-wood, and crooked branches, may 
be utilized to good advantage. Wood contains many 
chemicals, varying with the species of tree, some of 
which may be used in divers ways. Charcoal is an ex- 
cellent fuel for cookery, in that it emits no disagree- 
able odors. It is almost exclusively used in warm 
countries, because it can be used in braziers and small 
portable furnaces, and does not necessitate the use 
of a stove or the construction of a chimney. 
8. Oryer Common Forest Propvucts 
In addition to the products already mentioned, 
forests yield many other useful articles. Bark is 
often woven into rope. Cork is the outer bark of an 
oak-tree which grows in the region of the Mediter- 
ranean Sea. The flowers of the magnolia, evergreen 
branches such as the holly, and Christmas trees are 
sold in immense quantities in our large cities. Sey- 
eral trees in this country yield edible nuts which 
are of great value, such as the walnut, pecan, and 
chestnut. In Southern Europe the chestnut is a very 
