CONIFERS 957 
11. Excermann Spruce (White Spruce) (Picea 
engelmanni Engelm.). Height, 100 feet +; diame- 
ter, 3 feet +. Western mountain regions and north- 
ward; high elevation. Best development in central 
Rocky Mountain region between 9,000 and 10,000 
feet. Dry, gravelly slopes, 5,000 to 11,500 feet. A 
tree for reforestation of mountain slopes along water- 
courses. 
12. Srrxa Spruce (Tide-Land Spruce) (Picea sit- 
chensis Carriére). Height, 150 feet +; diameter, 6 
feet +. Alaska and Northwestern coast; low eleva- 
tions. Moist soil and climate, at least a moist sub- 
soil, shady situations. Rapid grower. Probably 
hardy in Northeastern and Middle States, in shaded 
positions. 
13. Barsam Fir (Balm-of-Gilead Fir) (Abies 
balsamea Miller). Height, 70 feet +; diameter, 15 
feet +. Northeastern States and northward. Cold, 
damp woods and swamps. Rapid grower. Valuable 
only as undergrowth or as nurse, and in imperfectly 
drained situations. 
14. Doveras Spruce (Red Fir; Yellow Fir; Ore- 
gon Pine) (Pseudotsuga taxifolia Poir.; Britt.). 
Height, 300 feet +; diameter, 10 feet +. Rocky 
Mountain region to Pacific; wide range; forming for- 
ests. Best development in western Oregon and 
Washington. Accommodates itself to many soils, 
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