270 PRACTICAL FORESTRY 
ously and persistently from the stump. Often a poor 
seeder; seed not easily kept. Liable to attacks of 
borer and to frost when young. 
46, Sucar-MapLte (Hard Maple; Sugar-Tree) 
(Acer saccharum Marsh). Height, 100 feet +; di- 
ameter, 3 feet +. Eastern United States and north- 
ward. Best development in region of Great Lakes. 
Best on moderately deep, loose, well-drained, strong 
loam, and calcareous soil, in moist, cool position; will 
grow also on stiff clay if not too wet, and on stony 
hillsides if not too dry. Tolerably rapid and per- 
sistent grower; moderately shade-enduring; does 
not sprout well from the stump. Not well adapted 
to dry regions. 
47. Wire Erm (American Elm; Water Elm) 
(Ulmus americana Linn.). Height, 100 feet +; 
diameter, 33 feet +. East of the Rocky Mountains. 
Probably attains its best development near its 
northern limits. Adapted to a great variety of soils, 
but best on a rich, loose, moist one; requires less 
moisture than the ashes; bears occasional flooding. 
Rapid and persistent grower; sprouts well; endures 
moderate shade. Important in forestry mainly as 
a nurse and for soil cover. Recommended for West- 
ern planting. 
48. Yrertow Brrcn (Gray Birch) (Betula lutea 
Michx. f.). Height, 80 feet +; diameter, 3 feet +. 
