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while about an equal number attend to study forestry, horticulture, surveying and 

 veterinary science. The course in agriculture is for two years, but an additional 

 year's course is provided for advanced students who wish to qualify to teach agricul- 

 ture. From year to year about fifty per cent of the graduates of this college return 

 to the farm. 



From the foregoing it must be concluded that the Danish farmer, by education, is 

 well fortified for his calling; withal, he is industrious to a degree, deeply in earnest, 

 and eminently practical. His methods, in all that he does, reflect these qualifications. 

 Whether it be in dairying, hog raising, or poultry keeping, he works hard and to a 

 good purpose, grappling with problems as they arise, eliminating what he finds un- 

 profitable and constantly pressing forward to a higher degree of excellence in the 

 products of his labours. 



Farming in Denmark is conducted on a more intensive system than in Canada. 

 Dairying, and pork production are the chief branches of agriculture engaged in. 

 These, it has been found, are best suited to the country and the energies of the govern- 

 ment and the people have been directed towards their development. 



Throughout the districts visited practically all the arable land is imder a regular 

 rotation system of cropping. Permanent pastures are not used, in fact, pasturing is 

 not depended upon to any great extent. In most sections no stock is allowed to roam 

 over the fields; the cattle and, in many districts, even the sheep are tethered when out 

 of doors. Consequently there are very few fences either dividing the fields or even the 

 farms. Usually a bank about two feet high marks the boundary between farms. 



About half the grain crop is oats, the remainder being chiefly barley and rye, with 

 a small proportion of fall wheat. Roots, hay and other fodder crops bulk large in the 

 returns from the land. The aim is to grow feed and the rotation is managed with 

 that in view. On some of the farms visited fully twenty per cent of the acreage was 

 in roots, chiefly mangels for the cows and the pigs. The following table gives the 

 general rotation formula throughout Denmark: — 



1st year Rye or wheat. 



2nd year Roots. 



3rd year Barley seeded down. 



4th year Clover and grass. 



5th year. .• Grass. 



6th year ,.Oats. 



7th year Fodder plants, lucerne, etc. 



With all these crops heavy yields are the rule. All the crops grown, and mucL 

 that is bought, is fed to the stock, and occasionally fertilizer is^ purchased also. The 

 greatest possible care is taken of the manure. Each barn has a manure pit, lined with 

 cement, into which all kinds are dumped. Then all the liquid from the stables is 

 drained into a cistern which is pumped out and applied to the land which is well 

 cultivated. 



Labour, though not cheap, is sufficient and of fairly good quality. Most 100 acre 

 farms keep two, three or more men the year round. These get about $100 each and their 

 board. Women of the labouring class work in the fields and barns. A large number 

 of Polish women work on the farms of Denmark each summer for a wage of fifty 

 cents per day and board themselves. 



Wliile pig raising is a prominent and valuable branch of Danish agriculture it 

 stands second to dairying, which is the chief branch of farming. Butter for the 

 British market is the first object of the farmer, and this leaves a tremendous luantity 

 of by-product in the form of skim-milk. Without this most of those visited considered 

 .pig raising could not be profitably carried on. Everywhere skim-milk, or whey, con- 

 stitutes a portion of the swine ration, the number of swine fed largely depending upon 

 the size of the milking herd. About two to three pigs per cow is the rule on many oi 

 the farms visited. 



