40 



feeds no whey before two months old; feeds until four months old on milk, whey, green 

 feed and chop ; finishes at five and a half months old on barley, corn and milk with very 

 little green food. 



Farm 8. — 7 acres; keeps 3 cows; 1 horse; sells 20 pigs a year; buys $150 to $1G0 

 worth of feed per year; every foot of land bearing heavy crop; proprietor enjoying all 

 home comforts. 



Farm 9.— 110 acres; 30 cows; sells 200 pigs; buys $Y00 worth of feed for pigs and 

 $700 worth for cows; was feeding pigs milk, vetches and damaged barley; grows 14 

 acres of mangels. 



At each of the above farms and many more visited, the arrangements were much 

 the same. Almost every piggery has a large feed mixing tank of either cement or 

 wood' in which was found a sloppy mixture consisting of milk, chop and cut green 

 feed. Near by was an ordinary straw cutter through which all green feed is passed. 

 This green feed varied — lucerne, red clover, vetches, peas and oats all being grown for 

 the pigs and cows. The chopped green feed is mixed in with the slop. The tank in 

 many cases was divided so that suitable food could be prepared for pigs of different 

 ages. 



Up to within six weeks of farrowing the brood sows are maintained chiefly on 

 kitchen refuse, with some wheat bran, shorts, or crushed oats, a few roots in winter, 

 and green feed in summer. In fact, almost any combination of feed which is economi- 

 cal and will keep the sow in a healthy condition is used. During the last six weeks 

 of pregnacy the regular ration is increased somewhat, and some heavier food 

 given. This gets the sow in fairly good flesh by the time she has to suckle the litter. 

 For a few days previous to farrowing the bran is increased and the other feed decreased. 

 The ration is fed in the form of a thin slop. The feed is the same for about three days 

 after farrowing. Then the sow is fed very liberally on grain and dairy by-products. 

 In cold weather many farmers warm the feed. The pigs are always taught to eat by 

 the time they are three weeks old. 



The thrifty condition of practically all the pigs was a matter of general surprise. 

 Dry sows, usually thin, were full of vigour. Litters were extremely even and well 

 developed, while older pigs were invariably large for their age. This is shown in the 

 above notes showing the ages at which many pigs are finished. Although the pigs are 

 housed constantly very rarely was seen a crippled animal. While every feeder follows 

 a system, each one varies the feeding from time to time according to his judgment. 



Housing. 



The comforts of Danish pigs are well looked after. Except at some of the breed- 

 ing stations, all pigs are constantly housed. Proprietors of breeding stations being 

 especially anxious for the vitality of their stock, provide outside runs, more especially 

 for brood sows and stock boars. The object of the pork raiser is rapid gains, and this 

 he believes ho secures by /.'onstant housing. Apart from this every available foot of 

 land is utilized for crop growing, so that no stock is allowed to run about. The cattle, 

 horses, and frequently the sheep, when grazing are tethered and moved once or twice 

 a day. 



The hog pen is a part of the general farm building, and is practically the same 

 in construction as the horse and cow stable. The farm-steading consists generally of 

 a continuous building occupying four sides of a courtyard, 40 to 60 feet across. The 

 dwelling is a part of this and is situated parallel with the horse stable and feed barn, 

 while the cow stable and the piggery face each other on the remaining sides of the 

 courtyard. The court is entered by a drive-way, in some cases situated between the 

 end of the piggery and the corner of the dwelling, in others through the centre of one 

 side. The court yard is macadamized. The buildings, usually one story liigh, are of 

 cement or brick. The roof is either tiling or straw thatched. The pen floors, feeding 

 troughs, and frequently the partitions, are of cement concrete. Wooden floored sleep- 

 ing pens were seen in a few cases and one feeder used elevated sleeping quarters for 



