4B VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES. 



The principal rivers by Avhich the pines of the 

 Scandinavian mountains are brought to the sea, 

 westward, for the purposes of commerce, are the 

 Gotha in Sweden, and the Glomm in Norway. 



The Gotha issues from the lara^e lake of Wener, 

 in the centre of the southern part of Sweden; and the 

 lake receives many streams from the mountains, some 

 of which are of p^reat leng^th, and pass through forests 

 of the finest pines. By means of these the pine 

 trees are easily conveyed to the lake, and thence by 

 the Gotha to Gottenburgh. In former times, the 

 timber was allowed to float down the cataract-; of 

 Trollhaetta, by which many of the trees were spoiled, 

 as there is a succession of falls, and some of them as 

 high as thirty feet. Saw-mills are now erected at Troll- 

 haetta, and the timber is conveyed to the river farther 

 down, by a canal. Thetimber of the south of Norway 

 is brought by the Glomm to the bay of Christiana, 

 where a great quantity is exported. Dr. Clarke thus 

 describes the process of sawing timber on the banks of 

 the Dal, westward of the Gulph of Bothnia ; and we 

 believe it does not vary much all over Scandinavia : 



" Between Meheda and Elfskarleby, about two 

 English miles before we reached the latter place, we 

 were gratified by a sight of some cataracts of the 

 Dal, which we thought far superior to those of Troll- 

 hcetta. The display of colours in the roaring torrent 

 was exceedingly fine ; rushing with a headlong force, 

 it fell in many directions, and made the ground 

 tremble with its impetuosity. The height of the fall 

 is not forty feet, but the whole river being precipi- 

 tated among dark, projecting rocks, gives it a grand 

 effect ; a swelling surf continues foaming all the way 

 to a bridge, where another cataract, meeting the 

 raging tide, adds greatly to its fury. Such is the 

 commotion excited, that a white mist, rising above 

 the fall, and over the banks of the torrent, rendered 



