50 Curd, Snaffle, and Spur. 



reins, made in the same manner, the head should 

 be still further depressed, and this obedience 

 acknowledged. By degrees, the horse can be 

 taught to lower the head until the nose reaches 

 the ground. 



To assist in making the whole neck and the 

 jaw supple, the rider should bend the head first to 

 one side, and then to the other, until 'the horse can 

 be brought to carry the face to the rear without 

 rigidity or resistance. To make this bend, say to 

 the left, the rider will put the horse perfectly 

 straight, the face vertical to the ground, and the 

 head carried at a natural height. Then the 

 snaffle-reins being held divided in the two hands, 

 he should close his legs against the flanks, the 

 right leg a little more strongly than the left, and 

 by gentle tensions upon the left rein, supported 

 and governed by the right rein, he will give the 

 head of the horse a slight bend to the left. The 

 object of the rider will be to obtain this by as 

 light tension upon the reins as will produce the 

 bend, and he should keep the head at the proper 

 height, the face vertical to the ground, and the 

 under jaw of the horse elastic and supple: gradu- 

 ally the bend, will be made until the face looks to 



