CHAPTER V. 



REVERSED PIROUETTES, LOW PIROUETTES, BENDING 

 HEAD IN ACTION. TRAVERS AND *RENVERS. 



THE exercises described in this chapter may 

 be conducted in the snaffle-bridle, or in the 

 double bridle without the curb-chain, the rider 

 using the snaffle-reins. The lessons will be 

 begun by practice in some of the preceding ex- 

 ercises, particularly in those in which the horse 

 shows the least improvement, and the animal 

 should be ridden in the walk and in the trot, but 

 not to the point of fatigue. I may say here that 

 it is an excellent practice to put the young horse, 

 even after it has been placed in the double bridle, 

 through the whole course of lessons from the 

 beginning. 



The reversed pirouette is a movement in which 

 the horse carries the croup about the forehand, 

 the outer fore leg acting as a fixed pivot; that 

 is, if the croup is carried about to the right, the 



