10 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS UNIVERSITY MUSEUM VOL. VI. 



instances, the third upper molar has a single conical root; 

 and in four, there is a tendency to fusion of the roots. 



The first upper premolars have two roots in eight out of 

 seventeen skulls. In one of these, there is the suggestion of 

 a third root by the deep grooving of one of the two roots. 

 The roots of the first upper premolars are flattened and grooved 

 in the other crania. The second upper premolars have divided 

 roots in three crania; in thirteen, the roots are grooved or 

 flat; and in only one, are there single, conical roots. 



The alveolar arch of the upper jaw is massive and pro- 

 jects beyond the third molar 8.6 mm., on an average, among 

 the males; and 5.2 mm., among the females. There is but 

 a single case of crowding of the teeth, and then only the incisors 

 are affected. The palate inclines to be deep. 



The length in situ of the lower molars averages 34.6 mm. 

 The three are generally of about equal size; when not, it is 

 the third or the first which is the largest. In two cases, the 

 third molar has three roots. All other third lower molars 

 have two roots, with a single exception, where there is a fusion 

 of the two roots. All the first lower molars have five cusps 

 where the number can be determined with certainty. Fifty 

 per cent of the second lower molars, and 21.4 per cent of the 

 third, have only four cusps. 



The first lower premolar is supplied with an anterior root 

 in five crania; while in nine, there is a single, grooved or flat- 

 tened root; and in four, there is a single, conical root. There 

 is one example of a divided root among the second lower pre- 

 molars; five examples of a grooved or flat root; and twelve, 

 of a conical root. 



The third molar is generally situated well in front of the 

 ascending ramus of the lower jaw, when the jaw is so held as 

 to bring the anterior margins of the rami in a line with 

 the eye. With the lower jaw held in this position, the entire 

 crown of the third molar can be seen in thirteen out of a total 

 of eighteen cases. Fortunately each cranium is supplied with 

 its own lower jaw. 



