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3. Back the carriage, so as to get the shafts and traces clear. 



4. Stead}" and support the horse's head, and excite him, with 

 hand and voice, to rise. 



5. When you have got him up, pat and encourage the poor 

 animal, and see if he is wounded, or otherwise injured. 



6. Let him stand still a short time to recover himself, and then 

 proceed gently and with greater caution than before. (See Sprains, 

 Bruises, Bleeding, and Wounds.) 



Aconite. — (See Medicines.) 



Alteratives. — This term is not very scientific, but it is in very 

 general use, and easily explains its own meaning, though the 

 jiiodus operandi of the drugs employed to carry it out is not so 

 clear. The object is to replace unhealthy action by a healthy one^ 

 without resorting to any of the distinctly-defined remedies, such 

 as tonics, stomachics, etc. As a general rule, this class of remedies 

 produce their effect by acting slowly but steadily on the depuratory 

 organs, as the liver, kidneys, and skin. The following may be 

 found useful for general use : 



Black sulphuret of antimony, . . . 2 to 4 drachms. 



Sulphur, 2 drachms. 



Nitre, 2 drachms. 



To be given mixed in cut feed at night only. 



Amaurosis. — Glass eye. (See Eye Diseases.) 



Anaemia. — Deficient or bad blood. 



Anchylosis. — (See Spavin and Open .Joints.) 



Aneurism. — A pulsating tumor, produced by the rupture of 

 the inner coats of the vessel, and the blood getting between it and 

 the outer coat. They manifest themselves in many parts of the 

 body. An expert surgeon is onh' capable of remedjang it, as great 

 danger of bleeding to death would result from opening a tumor of 

 this kind. 



Apoplexy. — Symptoms. The animal falling suddenlv, loss of 

 feeling and the power of motion, and breathing deep and slow. In 

 most cases the horse gets up again, shakes himself, and proceeds on 

 his journey almost as if nothing had happened, but it will shortly 

 be seen that the animal is not so livelv as formerlv, and that it will 



