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of cold water, poured into the mouth with a bottle having a strong 

 neck. Repeat the dose every four hours, till six to eight doses 

 have been given. Apply cold ice water cloths to the feet. In a 

 few hours, possibly, the shoes can be taken off. At first, this 

 generally cannot be done, except the animal is down. Care should 

 be taken in removing the shoes, so that every nail is made loose 

 before an attempt is made to pull off the shoes. Have as little 

 hammering on the foot as possible, as it will shake the great and 

 over-sensitive frame. Let the cold water be kept on constantly for 

 the next day, or until the active pain gives way. At leisure, the 

 feet can be pared thin on the soles, so the}^ will yield to pressure 

 with the fingers. By getting the animal to lie down as soon as 

 possible after he gets in ; the cold water cloths applied, and the 

 aconite given ; the animal in a day or two may be nothing worse 

 from the attack. The longer the animal remains before these 

 remedies are applied, the less likely is he to be free from its effects 

 afterwards. Before the horse is again put to work, be assured he 

 has quite recovered. During the treatment, give plenty of cold 

 water to drink. Never give tepid water to a horse while he is sick 

 from disease. Give grass or soft mashes for a day or two, but do 

 not keep a sick horse too long on low feed, as debility and swelling 

 of the legs and various portions of the body will take place. 



Rememher. Do not bleed, neither from the neck or foot, nor from 

 any place else in a disease of this kind. 



(2.) Chronic Founder. — Symptoms, Cause and Treatment will be 

 much the same, only it will not be necessar}- to push the treatment 

 so far. Principally depend upon softening the horn of the feet, 

 paring the soles of the feet, and a few days' rest. The horse, for a 

 week or two afterwards, should be placed in a stall having six 

 inches of sawdust spread over it, and kept a little moist with water 

 poured over it once in a day. When horses are recovering from 

 acute founder, they also might be placed in a stall so prepared. 

 Clay stalls are objectionable. 



Fractures. — This term signifies a broken bone. Fractures 

 are the result of great force applied to the bone, as from kicks, 

 jails, and accidents. 



Fractures occur in three forms. 



