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Lameness. — Lameness occurs in many ways, and from many 

 causes, such as fractures, bruises, sprains, wounds or injuries, all 

 of which will be found treated of, under their various names, 

 through the book. 



Laminitis. — A name in use by veterinar}^ surgeons when 

 spe.'iking of founder, and is a generic term from lamina, or leaf — 

 which forms tlie bond of unity between the sensible and insen- 

 sible structures of the horse's feet, and is the seat of the disease 

 commonly called founder. (See Foot Diseases.) 



Lampas. — This is a name applied to a slight enlargement, 

 swelling, or fulness of the bars of the mouth of young horses 

 from the chane^es of teethinor. Pinchino; the skin of the bars with 

 the nail of the thumb till they bleed, and rubbing in a little table 

 salt, is much better than burning the mouth with a red-hot iron 

 — the effects of which the animal never forgets nor forgives, as is 

 shown in any attempt to do anything about his head. 



Laryngitis. — This is a disease or inflammation of the upper 

 portion of the windpipe, accompanied with fever, increased 

 breathing, and cough. The cause and treatment of this disease 

 will be the same as for bronchitis (which see). 



Leg, Fractures of the. — (See Fractures.) 



Lice. — Lice of various kinds are often the source of much 

 trouble amongst horses kept in the vicinity of hen or chicken 

 houses. 



Sijmptoms. Uneasiness, rubbing, and scratching; stamping 

 with the feet and biting at the legs, as if something were annoying 

 him. 



Treatment. Take of the liver of sulphur, one ounce ; cold water, 

 one pint. Mix, and apply with a hard brush to but a portion of 

 the body at a time. If that is not effectual, get bi-chloride of 

 mercury, thirty -two grains; cold water, one pint. Mix, and ap- 

 ply with a brush to a portion only at a time, or a piece of the 

 body every day, till all has been gone over with the brush. This 

 is very weak, and can do the horse no harm. 



Ligaments. — These are strong, fibrous substances, which bind 

 together the different bones of the body or skeleton. There are 

 two great classes of ligaments ; the rounded, or the lateral, and 

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