— 385 — 



edge, with waxed cord wound round and over the skewers, in the 

 form of the figure 8. 



Metallic or silver wire is used by scientific veterinary surgeons 

 in securing the edges of the skin of ruptures and injuries to the 

 belly of all domestic animals, as the best and most successful 

 plan. 



Ruptures of the stomach, bowels and diaphragm, are occasion- 

 ally the immediate cause of death in cases of colic. (See Hock, 

 etc.) 



Saddle Galls. — Sores produced by the saddle and other por- 

 tions of the harness, and are best treated by the compound tinc- 

 ture of aloes. When the sores become hard and firm, like warts, 

 use the ointment of iodide of mercury. (See Medicines and Pre- 

 scriptions.) Remove the cause of the trouble by attending to the 

 saddle and harness, and if no fault be found with the stufl^ing of 

 the saddle, cut a hole in the padding sufficiently large to accom- 

 modate the sore without touching it. 



Sallenders. — (See Mallenders.) 



Saliva. — A fluid secreted by the salivary glands, which serves 

 to moisten the mouth, and is swallowed with the food. When 

 horses are feeding, the saliva mixes with the feed, and resolves, 

 dissolves, and changes into a soft mass fit to be swallowed. (See 

 Parotid Duct.) 



Salivation. — This is an increased flow of saliva induced in the 

 horse by mercury and other medicines, and is often seen in horses 

 feeding upon the second crop of clover late in the fall of the year, 

 or after slight frosts ; which fact sufficiently accounts not only for 

 the salvation of, but also afi'ords the reason wh}^ horses so feeding 

 lose flesh and become thin and weak, although apparently feeding 

 upon abundance. 



Second crop clover grows fast, is soft, and full of moisture, while 

 the cool nights arrest its mushroom growth, and the moisture it 

 contains in great quantity is converted from a sweet and nutritious 

 substance into a sour and acidulous fluid, not unlike vinegar or 

 acetic acid. The acid so formed within the clover leaf and stem 

 is pressed out by the act of mastication or chewing, stimulating 

 the fauces of the mouth and the salivar}- glands to a great extent, 

 and taxing the substance of the body for the saliva to meet an 

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