8 INTKODUCTORY. 



2d. The rofj^ion above tide water, notable for its turpentine farms and 

 its cattle ranges. 



III. The Upper Pine Belt or the Central Cotton Belt, having a width of twenty 

 to forty milefi. It is covered ivith a yronih of love/ leaf jrine, mixed, with oak and 

 hickory. The soil consists of a light sandy loam underlaid by red and 

 yellow clays. It has an elevation above the sea of from one hundred and 

 thirty to two hundred and fifty feet. Large inland swamps, bays and 

 river bottoms of unsurpassed fertility, covering five thousand five hundred 

 square miles, are interspersed among the two regions last named. 



IV. The Bed Hills are immediately north of the last region. Tliey 

 have an elevation of three hundred to six hundred feet above the sea. 

 The soil is red clay and sand, and there is a heavy growth of oak and 

 hickory. They embrace the range of-hills extending from Aiken county' 

 through Orangeburg to Sumter, where they are known as the High Hills 

 of Santee, and also the ridge lands of Edgefield, famous for their fertility. 



V. The iSand Hill Begion. A remarkable chain of sand hills, attaining 

 an elevation above the sea of six hundred to seven hundred feet, and 

 extending across the State from Aiken to Chesterfield counties. 



VI. The Piedmont Begion includes that portion of the State known as 

 the upper country. It has a mean elevation above the sea level of four 

 hundred to eight hundred feet. Its soils are — 



1st. The cold gray lands overlying for the most part the clay slates. 

 2d. The gray sandy soils from the decomposition of granite and gneiss. 

 3d. The red hornblende lands. 



4th. The trappean soils, known as flat woods meadow or black-jack 

 lands in various sections. 



VII. The Alpine Begion is the extreme northwestern extension of the 

 rocks and soils of the region just mentioned, differing from the former by 

 its more broken and mountainous character, and by its greater elevation, 

 ranging from nine hundred feet to three thousand four hundred and 

 thirty feet at Mount Pinnacle, near Pickens C. H., the highest point in 

 the State. 



AGRICrULTURAL RETROSPECT. 



The first permanent settlers established themselves on the sea-coast of 

 South Carolina in 1()70. Bringing with them the traditions of a hus- 

 bandry that must have been very rude at a i)eriod so long ante-dating the 



