THE PIEDMONT REGION. 139 



(1) 



Organic matter 3.G2 



Silica 84.30 



Alumina 5.80 



Iron oxide 2.00 



Lime 0.50 



Magnesia 0.40 



Potash and soda 0.50 



Water and loss 2.88 



100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 



No. 1 is from Pinckney township, Union ; No. 2 is from Waterloo 

 township, Laurens ; No. 3 is from Donaldsville township, Abbeville ; No. 

 4 is from Sullivan township, Laurens ; No. 5 is from Central township, 

 Pickens. 



2d. The red clay loams are the prevailing soils of the hilly and broken 

 country. Occupying slopes of greater or less declivity, the loose sand 

 has been washed away as fast as it has been released from the tenacious 

 clay, b}^ the process of lixiviation, or settling, above alluded to. The 

 washing of these hills is not so destructive of their fertility as it would 

 have been if the soil were not formed from rocks rotting in situ, and thus 

 including at every depth, all the numerous and varied elements of the 

 parent rocks. Thus it happens here that the earth from the bottom of 

 deep wells, usually barren elsewhere, has been found, when spread over 

 the surface, to increase notabl}^ the fertility of fields. Galled spots, 

 deprived of all humus and every trace of organic matter, are, of course, 

 iDarren for a time, but even their nakedness is soon covered by the old- 

 field pine, and their thriftiness restored. As might be expected, with the 

 clearing of the lands, and the washing down of the ridges, the amount of 

 gray lands is diminishing, and the amount of red lands is increasing. 



Mr. Tuomev gives the following analyses of these soils : 



(6) (7) (8) 



Organic matter 2.18 4.50 G.OO 



SiHca 74.00 71.60 66.60 



Alumina 10.00 9.40 11.60 



Iron oxide 3.50 3.70 4.00 



Lime 1.00 1.40 1.00 



Magnesia 40 0.50 0.06 



Potash and soda trace. 0.06 0.40 



Water and loss 8.92 8.84 10.34 



100.00 100.00 100.00 



No. 6 is from Liberty Hill, Kershaw ; No. 7 near York village ; No. 8 

 north of Pendleton village. 



