168 THE PIEDMONT REGION. 



wheat, twenty-five bushels to one hundred bushels oats per acre. Pea- 

 vines and red clover make good forage crops. Traces of gold are found, 

 but no regular mining. Field labor paid fifty cents a day and board, and 

 is largely performed by whites. 



Williamston Tounship {E. D. 29) : Land rolling. Soil, light brown or 

 reddish sandy loam, five inches to six inches to subsoil of red clay, mixed 

 with sand. Beneath the subsoil rotten gneiss rock is found. Growth, 

 oak and pine, with some hickory and ash. Cotton yields a little less than 

 three-fourths of a bale per acre. Provisions not much raised. Price of 

 land, ten dollars to thirty dollars per acre. Graphite of good quality is 

 found in lumps over a considerable area, also red hermatite. The Pied- 

 mont and Pelzer factories are two large cotton mills on the Saluda. At 

 the first it is estimated that a twenty-foot dam will give over eight hun- 

 dred horse power ; at the latter an eight-foot dam will give three to four 

 hundred horse power. The Allen shoals, between the two, is about equal 

 to the Piedmont falls. Below the Pelzer factory, the Clement shoals fur- 

 nish a fall of fourteen feet, with abundant rock and an excellent site for 

 building. Native grasses and cane afford forage. Little attention is paid 

 to stock. Day labor, fifty cents to one dollar and twenty-five cents. 

 Nearly one-half the field work is performed by whites. Williamston is a 

 health resort, with a chalybeate spring, containing iron, magnesia, potash, 

 sulphur, iodine and an excess of carbonic acid ; and it has a large male 

 academj^ and female college, with one hundred and twenty-five pupils. 



Varemies Toivnsliij) (E. D. 20): Land elevated and rolling; sometimes 

 hilly and broken. Soils are : 1st. Fine and warm sandy loam, three inches 

 to four inches to a yellowish sandy or dark drab-colored subsoil. 2d. 

 Clay loam, four inches to eight inches to a red or brown subsoil, which is 

 generally stift' clay, underlaid for ten feet by stiff red clay, that there be- 

 comes mixed with rock, mica, sand and rotten looking clay of all colors. 

 Growth, red, post, black, white and water oak, hickory, elm, pine, black- 

 jack and blackgum. Crops, four hundred pounds seed cotton, fifteen 

 bushels corn, eight bushels wheat, twelve bushels oats an acre. Lands 

 sell at eight dollars to twenty dollars an acre ; rents for one-third of the 

 crops. Building granite abounds. The McDonald mine yields gold, 

 some silver and rubies. Corundum of inferior quality is found at various 

 places ; also zircons and beryl. High shoals on Rocky river has a fall of 

 thirty-one feet in three hundred yards, estimated as furnishing one hun- 

 dred horse power. 



Chester County. 



Baton Rouge Tomiship {E. D. 37) : Rolling lands. Soils, gray, sandy, 

 gravelly, six inches to red clay subsoil and red clay loam. Growth, oak, 



