WATER-POWERS OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 205 



v'«) A canal here built by the State. 1818-28, Is five miles long and has flfty-two feet fall, with 

 six locks. <iul would be available in utilizing the entire power. 



(6) Streams in sand lulls of Kershaw county. The horse power given per foot fall. That 

 given here may be doubled by storing the water at night. Other tributaries to the Wateree fur- 

 nish good poweis, concerning which n(j detailed information could be obtained. 



(c) Three State canals here: 1st, Lower canal, one mile long, with three locks. The total 

 amount of WJiter could be utilized through it. 21. Middle canal, three miles long, having three 

 flights of locks, viz., four locks thirty-two feet lift, four locks thirty-six feet lift, three locks 

 twenty-seven feet lift, another lock above, nine feet lift, and guard lock, in all, thirteen locks, 

 one hundred and four feet li t. At any and all the three flights, the facilities for using a large 

 power are very great; building room ample. 



The upper canal is the property of Mrs. S. A. Boylston, of Winnsboro, S. C. It is one and 

 three-fourths miles long, on the west side of Catawba river, and enters Fishing creek at a poini 

 about five miles from Fort Lawn, on the Chester and Cheraw railroad. The total fall is fifty-one 

 feet. There aie two flights of locks; the lower one has four locks, thirty-three feet lift ; the upper 

 has two locks, fifteen feet lift. These works are well built of cut stone laid in cement are in 

 good preseivalion, and were constructed by the State at a cost of about $1U0,<I00. There are four 

 factory sites, with ample building room. The first site has a fall of twenty-four and twenty-one- 

 one-hundredths feet; the second, of .thirty feet; the third, of thirty-eight feet; the fourth, of 

 thirty-three feet. Granite of the best quality is at hand.* The available power is estimated 

 at fifteen thousand horse-power. 



(d) State canal here, two miles long, dam, guard lock, and four other locks of thirty-five feet 

 lift; abundant building room , no liability to overflow. 



(e) Sand hill streams of Lexington. Those of Richland not examined. 



(/) The State of South Carolina is now engaged in developing the power in Broad river, from 

 Bull Sluice shoal, by building a dam at that point, with a canal two and seven-eighths miles 

 long, extending to Gervais street in the city of Cjlumbia. The works are being built first-class 

 in every respect, with dimensions sufficient to give four hundred and fifty-three horse powers of 

 water for each foot fall. The total power developed wiU be, on the average fall, about 10,030 horse 

 powers of water. 



The Saluda and Broad rivers unite opposite the city of Columbia. These streams, near their 

 confluence, have, in ordinary low water, a flow with sufficient fall to yield 40,000 horse-powers of 

 water if propi>rly developed. They take their rise in the Blue Ridge mountains, flowing through, 

 in their upper course, a wooded country, giviuir them a very uniform flow of water, and suflfering 

 but little from high water, and that but of short duration. This magniflcent power has surround- 

 ings adapting it to manufacturing purposes equal to any locality in the South ; a liealthy climate, 

 an abundance of the naw material, railroad facilities in every direction, with good sites for 

 buildings, and other desirable features. (Maj. Thos. B. Lee, Engineer Columbia canal.) 



(,(/) St ite canal here, 7,809 feet long with guard lock and six other locks of first-class cut stone 

 masonry, cost $130,000. Estimate of cost to put gates, locks and masonry in good ordei, $3,7&4. 

 Used in lSo2. 



(/i) Above is site of abandoned works of Magneticlron Ore Company. Three hundred horse 

 power obtained, with surplus of water all the time from fall of ten leet. A fall of sixteen feet is 

 available; banks very favorable for building. 



(i) Above Mountain Shoal are Kilgore's, Yarborough's, Flemmlng's and WoflTord's shoals, 

 having available falls. 



(.7) South Tyger river, drainage area one hundred and eight square miles; furnishes two to 

 seven horse-power per foot fall, and has several av^iilable falls. 



(fc) Above are Brown's mill, fourteen feet fall; Hammett's mill, ten feet fall; Crocker's, 

 Thompson's forils, shoals and other rapids. 



(I) Above is Lindner shoal, eight feet fall; North and South Pacolet forks, with eighty square 

 miles drainage area ; each have numerous falls of twelve feet to thirty-four feet. 



(71) Beiow ( jlendale, on Sampson's fork, is a fall of fifteen feet— ninety horse-power ; above are 

 several good shoals. Thicketty creek, one hundred square miles drainage area; Bullock's and 

 King's creeks, seventy-two square miles drainage area, and Buffalo creek, one hundred and seven- 

 ty-two square miles drainage area, empty into Broad river. BufTalo creek has considerable fall, 

 with five and one-halt to fifteen horse-power per foot fall. 



(o) There is here a State canal two and one-half miles long five locks, thirty-four feet lilt; 

 might be repaired, and would render available double the present fall. 



(p) State canal here, two and one-half miles long, with four locks, twenty-one feet lift. 

 Between this p.dnt and the Newberry an<l Lexington line are seven falls, viz. : Wise's ferry, 

 seventeen leet; Hunter's ferry, six feet; Snellgrove's isla.id, nine feet; M.inning island, fifteen 

 feet; Simm's ferry, fifteen feet. Above, in Newberry and Edgefield, are McNary's mill, eleven 

 feet; Pei kin's ford, ten feet; r$ouknight's mill, six feet. 



(q) Mills gives this fall as seventy -six feet. 



(r) Above are Harper's shoals, eight feet: Kay's and Gambrell's shoals. Poor's and Cox's mills. 



