roruLATioN. 309 



Indians. Such A conclusion is, however, by no means warranted, if account 

 is taken of the number of Indians removed from the State and residing 

 on reservations west of the Mississippi. The Cherokees are there more 

 populous and prosperous than ever, and with them are Santees, Senekas, 

 and the other small tribes absorbed by them. Furthermore, there is scarce- 

 ly a township in the State in which one or more families (chiefly negroes) 

 are not found, showing the distinct traces of the Indian descent which 

 tliey claim. If such half-breeds numbered 6-10 of one per cent, of the 

 present population, there would be as much Indian blood in South Caro- 

 lina to-day as at the date of its settlement by the Europeans. The inter- 

 mixture of the Indians with the whites and negroes was facilitated by the 

 total absence of all moral restraint among their women — there was no 

 word for continence in their languages — as Avell as by the remark- 

 able lack of sexual initiative on the part of the men, as observed by 

 LaAvson and others. In 1758, Anthony Park found a solitary Scotchman 

 among the Indians west of the Alleghanies, who had lived there forty 

 years and was the father of some seventy cliildren in the nation. One 

 hundred such Scotchmen would have transmitted to another generation 

 as much Indian blood as was found in Carolina by the first settlers. 



The conclusion from such facts can only be that an inferior race, in a 

 condition of absolute savagery, brought into contact with superior races, 

 enjoying all the advantages of the highest civilization, has not only not 

 dwindled aw^ay and perished, but has fully held its own and perpetuated 

 itself. So indestructible is a race of men. 



NEGROES 



were brought to America as earl}' as the year 1503. In 1511 they were 

 pronounced by the Spaniards to be more robust and hardy, more capable 

 of enduring fatigue, and more patient under servitude than the aborig- 

 ines. The labor of one negro was computed as equal to that of four 

 Indians. Charles V., in 1516, granted a privilege that was transferred to 

 the Genoese merchants, of introducing four thousand Africans to the 

 Spanish colonies; and Queen Elizabeth, through her agent. Sir John 

 Hawkins, engaged, about 1507, in a lucrative African slave trade with 

 these colonies. A Dutch vessel, in 1618, sold part of her cargo of Africans 

 to the English colonists on James river, Virginia. The first negroes 

 brought to Soutli Carolina were brought by Sir John Yeamans, from the 

 Barbadoes, in 1671. The year following, white slaves from England were 

 sold in Virginia at £10 apiece, while negro slaves brought there, at the 

 same date, from £20 to £25. In 1727, the citizens of South Carolina 

 loudly complained of the importation of Africans, both because they 



