POPULATION. 375 



spite of ocean winds and currents, whereas the sailing vessels of a 

 hundred years ago found their easiest route from Europe even to New- 

 York, to he by Charleston. But the relation of the population to climatic 

 and topographical conditions, as given by the 10th United States Census, 

 will show that these are not rea-l hinderances to the peopling of the South 

 with greater numbers of tlie Caucasian race. For while it appears that 

 the African race does not thrive outside of certain climatic limits, these 

 limits include nothing injurious to the Caucasian race It will be noted 

 that the percentage of negroes diminishes in low temperatures 

 and that it also diminishes in high temperatures, and that in both 

 cases where the negroes decrease in numbers the percentage of for- 

 eign born Caucasians increase. It would seem that the more temperate 

 and genial climate and the most fertile soils, having been fir.st occupied by 

 Africans, European immigrants, mfluenced by prejudice against the insti- 

 tution of slavery, which has passed away, and b}" prejudice against a race 

 which, as has been shown, has greatly changed, and is in process of still 

 greater changes, have settled on less favored soils, under greater extremes 

 of climate. 



The following table shows the distribution of the population in eleva- 

 tion above the sea level, according to the 10th Census. 



PERCENTAGE OF 



Foreign. Aggregate. Xegro. 



Below 100 ft 28.31 18.25 22.28 



Between 100 and 1000 ft . 40.07 59.41 70.85 



Above 1000 ft 31.62 22.34 6.87 



100.00 100.00 100.00 



Here the negro population occupies the medium elevations, while a 

 larger percentage of foreigners occupy low lands or greater elevations. 

 The largest percentage of the aggregate population is also found at the 

 same elevations with the negro population. And in each instance, ex- 

 cept as to extreme elevations, the distribution of the negroes more closely 

 approaches that of the aggregate than the foreign does. 



In South Carolina 27 per cent, of the negro population is below 100 ft. 

 and of this number one-third is immediately on the coast, and not exceed- 

 ing 40 ft. above the sea level. The remaining two-thirds who live below 100 

 ft. are thinly scattered over a wide region. It appears that each population 

 falls off between an elevation 100 and 500 feet. Owing doubtless to 

 the fact that these elevations, more than others, need drainage to render 



