A SKETCH OF EDUCATION IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 485 



UNION. 



TEACHERS. I'lPI !..'<. 



Clifford Soniinary, Rev. B. G. Clifford 4 oO 



WILLIAMSBURG. 



(No report.) 



YORK. 



Fort Mill Academy, A. R. Banks. ■ 



VII. HIGHER EDUCATION FOR MALES. 



While South Carolina has been reproached for her failure in the past 

 to provide for the education of the masses, no one can truthfully deny 

 that much attention has been paid to higher education from the earliest 

 times. During the colonial period, the sons of the rich sought instruc- 

 tion in Europe; and when the Revolution came on, South Carolina's 

 sons stepped to the front in the forum, as well as on the field. In literature 

 and science, as well as in statesmanship, South Carolinians had distin- 

 guished themselves from the earliest days. Dr. Lionel Chalmers, a 

 native of Scotland, practiced medicine in Carolina from 1737 to 1777, 

 during which time he published several medical works. Rev. Richard 

 Clarke, for some years rector of St. Philip's, was widely known as a 

 theologian beyond the limits of America, and when he returr.ed to Eng- 

 land, he taught there the sons of Charle.stonians, who had followed him. 

 William Henry Drayton left a manuscript history of the American Rev- 

 olution in three volumes. Christopher Gadsden understood Latin, Greek, 

 French, Hebrew, and the Oriental languages. Imprisoned at St. Augus- 

 tine by the British, " he came out much more learned than he entered." 

 Dr. Alexander Garden moved to Charleston from Scotland, and studied 

 botany and natural liistory with such success as to become a vice-presi- 

 dent of the Royal Society of England, and to win the admiration of 

 Linnfcus, who named the " Gardenia " after him. Sir Nathaniel John- 

 son was a scientific experimenter. He introduced silk and improved 

 rice culture in South Carolina. The learning of Henry Laurens is well 

 known. His son, John Laurens, who, at the age of twenty-five, was sent 

 to Paris to negotiate with France in 1780, was an adept in "ancient 

 and modern languages, philosophy, geography, history, and the ordinary 

 circle of sciences, and he excelled in drawing, dancing, fencing, riding, 

 and all the graces and refined manners of a man of fashion." The Rev. 



