i58 



OCCUPATIONS. 



ing to the tenth census. Tliis percentage varies greatly in the different 

 States and Territories, being fifty -seven in Montana and twenty-eiglit in 

 West Virginia ; twelve out of forty-seven having a higher percentage 

 of workers than South Carolina. 



The status of the State in this regard may be more definitely ascer- 

 tained by considering the percentage of those of the working age who are 

 listed as workers, and comparing this number with the similar percentage 

 of the population of the whole country over ten years of age. It w411 be 

 more satisfactory also to make this comparison for the ante war period 

 as shown by the census of 18(30; for the period of war and reconstruction 

 as shown by the census of 1870, and for the period of peace subsequent 

 to the war and reconstruction, as shown by the census of 18S0. This is 

 done in the following table : 



A. 





o 



jPoPULATION OVER 



i TEN Years 

 i OF Age. 



u. s. 



s. c. 



1860 

 1870 



23,329,997,492,316 

 28,228,945 503,763 



1880'36,761,607;667,456 



Ditto Engaged 



IN all 



Occupations. 



u. s. 



s. c. 



Per Cent, of AVorkers. 



On Popula- 

 tion over Increase. Decrease. 

 10 vears. 



U. S. S. C. U. S. 'S. C. U. S. S. C. 



11,011,645 359,874:1.47 j .73 

 12,505,923' 263,321 1 .42 1 .50 I . 



17,392,0991392.1021 



.47 .58 i .06 .12 



.06 



.89 



These figures are taken from the census returns of 1870 and 1880 with- 

 out change, but although no definite statement to that effect was found, 

 it was inferred that the table of occupations in the census of ISGO referred 

 only to the free population. Of the 81,631 persons listed in the occupa- 

 tion tables of 1860, at least 49,291 were engaged in pursuits not open to 

 slaves, such as teachers, merchants, clerks, planters, etc. There were, 

 however, at that date in South Carolina 278,243 slaves over ten years 

 who all had gainful occupations, and these heav}^ battalions of trained 

 laborers have been added to the 81,031 free workers in calculating the ta- 

 ble above given. The table shows that the people of (Carolina were work- 

 ers of old. It shows the immense nett loss the working class sustained 

 by war and the subsequent period of industrial disorganization. And 



