• 270 — 



Eighth, a flat forehead, transmitted from parentage, thus preven^ 

 ing a full development of the brain where the optic nerve is given 

 off from the brain, thus insuring blindness about the seventh or 

 eighth year, and sometimes earlier. None need be told of the dis- 

 position of the coarse-bred Canadian horse to become affected with 

 disease of the bones, mostly in the form of ring-bones (which see). 

 Ninth, stone in the bladder, and calculi in the bowels. Tenth, 

 besieged garrisons, fortresses, when crops have failed, and famine. 



How to Observe Diseases. 



We are sometimes asked how it is that we know so exactly what 

 the disease is that this or that animal is affected with, as it cannot 

 speak and narrate its ills and its aches. To this question we 

 might repeat a common truism, ''A shut mouth tells no lies ; " 

 therefore, nobody is deceived. Nature has but one set of weights 

 and measures^ and these only should be used. Thus, if a horse 

 have a corn or bruised heel, he will be as sure to go lame as he 

 would with an ordinary sprain. The difference is, that he not 

 only stretches out the sore foot, but he elevates the heel from the 

 ground, and will not set his foot flat to please, or it may be said to 

 deceive any one. The uneasy eye, the anxious expression, and the 

 sharp peculiar look, tell the tale of suffering, and bear testimony 

 to a description so faithful and true, that every man should un- 

 derstand how to interpret them. 



The Principles of Disease. 



CongtffStion. — By this term is meant an undue flow of blood into 

 a part, ?.nd remaining in it. The blood-vessels lose the power of 

 contractmg and emptying themselves, as when in health. Con- 

 gestion is not accompanied with inflammation, as some suppose, 

 and ma}'' exist without irritation. Irritation is only present when 

 the blood passes more rapidly into a part than its vessels can 

 carry it out, and inflammation only is present when more fluid is 

 thrown into the vessels than they can get rid of. 



Irritation. — This peculiar condition is the result of increased 

 sensitiveness, or an exalted action, accompanied with quickened 

 beating of the heart and pulse. When we apply the term to special 

 cases, it will be better understood as irritation of the bowels pro- 



