— 407- 



whicli n?vngs down and separates the cavity of the abdomen, or tht 



belly from the chest. 



Cause. Over driving and oppression, paralyzing the accessory 

 nerve, and hence the flapping of the diaphragm. 



Treatment. Place the horse in a cool, airy place, and allow him 

 plenty of cold water, and if the noise, after an hour or so, doe« 

 not subside, give two bottles of ale or porter as a drench. 



Tongue, Laceration of the. — (See Mouth Diseases.) 



Tonics. — (See Medicines and Prescriptions.) 



Toxicology. — (The science of poisons, and their antidotes.) 



Tracheotomy. — An operation to open the windpipe, in cases 

 of closing of the tube by tumor, or thickening of its membrane. 

 It is an operation rarely required, and moreover, not to be 

 attempted by a non-professional person not acquainted with the 

 art and science of surgery. Therefore, we will forego a description 

 of it. 



Transfusion. — This is the act or operation of transferring the 

 blood of one living animal into the vascular system of another by 

 means of a tube. The effect of transfusion is almost instan- 

 taneous. 



Tread. — (See Foot Diseases.) 



Trepanning. — This is an operation for opening into the bones 

 of the head or face to elevate or raise a portion of bone which 

 from accident has been depressed or fractured. The instrument 

 used for this purpose is called a Trephine. 



It is designed to cut out a circular portion of the bone, so that a 

 smooth piece of iron is inserted in the hole, and used as a lever to 

 raise the depressed portion to its proper level. 



Trismus. — (See Locked-jaw.) 



Tubercles. — (See Glanders.) 



Tumors. — Tumors may be defined as circumscribed swellings 

 of different sizes, without inflammation, and differing from one 

 another, according to their situation and their nature. 



(1.) Encysted Tumors. — This is a variety of tumors often seen 

 about the side of the nose of the horse. It i-s about the size of a 

 pullet's egg, soft, and elastic to the touch, with no heat, inflamma- 

 tion, or soreness of any kind. 



Cause. Closing of the sebaceous openings of the part. Hence 



