Feeding Tables and Standards. 115 



Wolff's in protein, while the digestible carbohydrates run from 

 12 to 13 pounds and the fat from .5 to .8 pounds. The Wolff- 

 Lehmann standard gives a wide range according to the milk yield. 



149. Concerning Kuehn's ration. — Kiihn's method of procedure 

 in compounding a ration is different from those already discussed. 

 He first sets forth a basal ration composed principally of coarse 

 forage carrying the nutriment required by the cow when giving 

 little or no milk. This basal ration should contain 1.5 to 1.7 

 pounds of digestible albuminoids per thousand pounds live weight, 

 and may exceed this with animals of exceptional capacity. A 

 like proportion of non-nitrogenous and ether-extract nutrients go 

 with the basal ration. To this is added an amount of concen- 

 trates sufficient to enable the cow to yield the best returns. 

 Animals of low productive capacity are fed a small ration, while 

 those capable of large returns are liberally supplied with nutri- 

 ents. The range of dry matter and nutrients for cows of different 

 capacities is given in the table. 



Kiihn considers the albuminoids only, as available for protein 

 nutrition, and places the amides with the carbohydrates. In con- 

 structing his ration he recognizes the great variability of feeding 

 stuffs as to composition, and holds the individuality of the cow as 

 something of great importance. His idea, if fully carried out, 

 would necessitate a chemical analysis of all the different feeding 

 stuffs used each season, something impracticable under ordinary 

 conditions. 



149a. Fuel value of rations. — In Article 61 the following fuel 

 values are shown for the several nutrients in feeding stuffs: 



Calories in one pound. 



Protein 1,860 



Carbohydrates 1,860 



Ether extract 4,220 



It has been proposed that these Calorie values be assigned to 

 the digestible nutrients of the ration for the purpose of simplify- 

 iug the results. Atwater writes on this point: ^ ''This use of 

 fuel values gives a means of simplifying the calculation of rations. 

 It will be understood that the proportions of fats and carbohy- 

 drates are only relative; in other words, that one may be dimin- 



1 Rept. of Storrs (Conn.) Expt. Sta., 1890, p. 179. 



