Calf BeaHng. 337 



ment and the gain made, together with the fat content of tlie 



skim milk, are given in the following table: 



Gravity Separator 



skim milk, skim milk. 



Average weight per head at beginning, pounds. ... 130 . 2 132 . 7 



Daily gain per head, pounds 1.50 1.43 



Difference in favor of gravity skim milk, pounds. .07 



Fat content of the milk, per cent .60 .14 



From the above we learn that where the gravity skim milk pro- 

 duced a gain of 1.5 pounds per day, the calves fed on separator 

 skim milk gained 1.43 pounds daily. When the value of the 

 excess of butter fat left in the gravity skim milk is taken into con- 

 sideration, it will be seen that the increase in weight of the calves 

 was of much less value than the butter which the excess fat would 

 have made. 



521. Feeding cod liver oil, oleomargarine and sugar. — At the 

 Massachusetts Station, Lindsey^ found that cod liver oil added to 

 the skim milk fed to calves proved unsatisfactory, the animals 

 sometimes refusing the food containing it. A cheap grade of 

 oleomargarine was heated to 110 degrees Fahr., and mixed with 

 the skim milk by churning. It was found that one ounce of oil 

 per quart of skim milk was all that the calf could take with- 

 out producing indigestion. Cotton-seed oil and corn oil to the 

 amount of one-half ounce per quart of milk were fed without 

 bad effect. A calf fed skim milk to which was added one part 

 oleo and two parts brown sugar gave good results, making a gain 

 of over two pounds daily, with the kidneys well covered with 

 fat. Calves fed on this artificial milk were superior to those re- 

 ceiving skim milk, but not equal in fatness to sucking calves. 



522. Flax seed. — Behrens found that calves receiving about 

 one-half pound of flax seed per day with skim milk made an 

 average gain of 1.85 pounds per day, while those receiving skim 

 milk only, gained 1.55 pounds. 



523. Whey for calf feeding. — Graef, ' testing the relative value 

 of whey and skim milk, secured a gain of two pounds per day 

 with calves fed on skim milk, while those fed whey gained from 

 1 to 1.4 pounds only. The quantities of food are not stated. (359) 



» Repts. 1893-94. 

 * Milch Zeitung, 1880, p. 143. 

 22 



