CONTENTS XV 



PAGE 



Effect of Grazing upon Aspen Reproduction 205 



Effects of Sheep Browsing 206 



Effects of Cattle Browsing 206 



Grazing Farm Woodland 208 



Damage Done to Tree Growth by Grazing 209 



Effect of Goat Grazing on Timber Reproduction 210 



Conclusions Based on Investigations 211 



Conclusions of General Application 211 



Conclusions of Regional Application 212 



Application of Studies to Grazing Management 213 



Questions 213 



Bibliography 214 



CHAPTER XI 



BURNING OF PASTURE LANDS AND ITS EFFECTS ON 

 FORAGE PRODUCTION 



History of Burning 216 



Present-Day Burning 219 



A Common Delusion 219 



Effects of Burning on Forage Production 221 



Effect of Burning Grasslands 222 



Burning in the East, Middle West, and Far West 222 



Burning in the South 223 



Effect of Burning Brushlands 225 



Goats as Brush Destroyers 227 



Effect of Burning Wooded Pastures and Forested Ranges 228 



Grazing and Fire Control 230 



Surface Fire 233 



Ground Fire 233 



Crown Fire 234 



Proper Control of Grazing Essential 235 



Summary and Conclusions 236 



Questions 238 



Bibliography 239 



CHAPTER XII 



STOCK-POISONING PLANTS AND THEIR CONTROL 



What is Poison? 242 



Important Families of Poisonous Plants 242 



Palatability of Poisonous Plants 243 



Range Use and Variation in Poisonous Substances of Plants 244 



