XVm CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Springs 298 



Seeps ; 298 



Swamps 299 



Location of Troughs 299 



Kinds of Troughs 300 



Log Troughs 300 



Other Wooden Troughs 300 



Metal, Cement, and Other Troughs. 301 



Trough Foundation 301 



Artificial Watering Places 302 



Reservoirs 302 



Wells v.. 304 



Questions 305 



BibUography 306 



CHAPTER XVI 



FORAGE ESTIMATES AS A BASIS FOR THE RATIONAL USE OF 

 GRAZING RESOURCES (GRAZING RECONNAISSANCE) 



Grazing Reconnaissance 307 



Object of Grazing Reconnaissance 308 



History of Grazing Reconnaissance 309 



Data and Facts Obtained by Grazing Reconnaissance 311 



Methods Employed in Obtaining the Data: Field Work 318 



Gridiron Method 318 



Traverse-Sketching Method 319 



Triangulation Method 320 



Office Work 320 



Grazing and Timber Reconnaissance Compared 321 



Application of Grazing-Reconnaissance Data to Practical Pas- 

 ture Management 32$ 



Accuracy and Limitations of Grazing Reconnaissance 32$ 



The Forage Acre and How it is Derived 325 



Comparative Value of a Forage Acre of Different Types 326 



Questions 327 



Bibliography 327 



CHAPTER XVH 

 GRAZING CAPACITY AND PASTURE INSPECTION 



Grazing Capacity 328 



Basis for Estimating Grazing Capacity 328 



Grazing Capacity of Ranges and Farm Pastures 330 



Acreage Required for Cattle 33^ 



