CONCLUSIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION 21 1 



greatest injury occurred in a stand which had attained a height 

 of 1 1 to 2 1 feet. Pifion pine was only hghtly cropped, and full 

 recovery from the injury could nearly always be expected. 

 Juniper, on the other hand, is palatable to goats, and more than 

 half of the stand was browsed. In general, it was found, how- 

 ever, that yellow pine, pifion pine, and Douglas fir were not 

 killed or seriously injured except where the lands were over- 

 grazed or the forage was very closely cropped. Where the timber 

 reproduction was seriously injured, the palatable plants were also 

 disappearing. In some places the coniferous reproduction was 

 somewhat heavily browsed in the winter, evidently because of 

 the absence of other more succulent vegetation. 



In general, goats browse upon a larger number of timber 

 species than do other classes of stock. Because much of that 

 vegetation is fairly palatable to goats, they are liable to cause 

 more damage to timber reproduction, other things being equal, 

 than do other classes of domestic foraging animals. 



CONCLUSIONS BASED ON INVESTIGATIONS 



The conclusions developed from the studies may be divided 

 into two classes — (i) those of general application, and (2) those 

 that are applicable to certain regions.^ 



Conclusions of General Application. — i . Overgrazing or bad 

 handling of any class of stock may result in injury to tree repro- 

 duction in varying degrees of seriousness. In general, over- 

 grazing by sheep and goats causes greater damage than does 

 destructive cropping by horses and cattle. Injury to the repro- 

 duction by horses and cattle is seldom serious. 



2. Goats are inclined to browse upon a larger number of timber 

 species than do other classes of stock and may cause more damage 

 than do other domestic foraging animals. 



3. Where a good seed crop of the timber stand is produced, 

 large areas often support a good stand of young timber growth 

 notwithstanding moderate grazing each year by the various 

 classes of stock. 



1 Jardine, J. T., "Efficient Regulation of Grazing in Relation to Timber Repro- 

 duction." Jour, of Forestry, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 379-381, 1920. 



