QUESTIONS 213 



APPLICATION OF STUDIES TO GRAZING MANAGEMENT 

 In the application of the conclusions set forth it is necessary 

 to take many factors into account. Among these may be men- 

 tioned the demand for forage in a given community, the acces- 

 sibility of and demand for the timber, when the timber may be 

 cut, the condition of the range, and the palatability of the princi- 

 pal timber species to the different classes of stock. 



Jardine ^ has pointed out that, except for total protection from 

 grazing, the judicious management of the forage crop and the 

 protection of tree reproduction are the first essentials of efficient 

 regulation in grazing. In order to apply the conclusions uni- 

 formly to actual practice, it is necessary, first, so to standardize 

 grazing use that the terms " light," " moderate," and '' close " 

 grazing will have a definite meaning. As yet this has not been 

 done. Because of the variation in grazing capacity and forage 

 types, the lands may vary widely as to the number of stock they 

 will support; hence the provision of a given number of acres per 

 animal can not be the same everywhere. Furthermore, the 

 density of reproduction required for the development of a full 

 stand of timber is not known. The requirement will vary ac- 

 cording to the species and the growth conditions. 



Although broad unification, both of grazing use and of the 

 requirements for a satisfactory timber cover, is important, those 

 problems are essentially local in character. Proper stocking of 

 the lands, good distribution of the stock, avoidance of too early 

 grazing, and the use of the forage by the proper class or classes 

 of stock will do much to prevent damage to the tree reproduction. 



QUESTIONS 



1. (a) To what extent is aspen palatable (i) to sheep, and (2) to cattle? 

 (b) To what extent is yellow pine palatable (i) in the Northwest, (2) in the 

 Southwest? 



2. {a} To what extent do sheep injure yellow pine reproduction within 

 their reach (i) on closely grazed range, and (2) on that moderately grazed? 

 (b) To what extent do they injure aspen reproduction? 



^ Jardine, J. T., "Efficient Regulation of Grazing in Relation to Timber Repro- 

 duction." Jour, of Forestry, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 380, 381, 1920. 



