214 GRAZING ON WOODLANDS 



3. To what height can sheep ordinaril\- crop tree reproduction, and at 

 what height is the stand exempt from serious injur\' from sheep grazing? 



4. \\Tiere the cover is extensive and where there has been moderate grazing 

 for a number of years by cattle only, to what extent has the young growth 

 been injured? 



5. To what extent does the amount of palatable feed available determine 

 the injur)' to tree reproduction on cattle range? On sheep range? 



6. Under ordinar\' conditions, is serious injurv' to tree reproduction on 

 cattle range confined to places where the animals congregate, or is the damage 

 more or less uniform throughout the type? 



7. (a) How would you handle the grazing so as to insure a satisfactory 

 stand of reproduction on cut-over aspen lands where sheep are grazed? 

 (b) How would you handle cattle grazing under the same conditions? (c) How 

 would }-ou obtain a satisfactory stand of yellow pine on cut-over bunchgrass 

 lands grazed by sheep? 



8. How may grazing and the establishment of stock driveways foster the 

 establishment and protection of a satisfactory stand of timber reproduction? 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Chapline, W. R. Production of Goats on Far Western Ranges. U. S. 

 Dept. of Agr. Bui. 749, 1919. 



CowLLE, Frederick V. Forest Growth and Sheep Grazing in the Cascade 

 Mountains of Oregon. U. S. Dept. of Agr., Div. of Forestry, Bui. 

 15- 1898. 



Graves, Henry S. Grazing and Fires in National Forests. Amer. For- 

 estry, Vol. 17, No. 7, 191 1. 



Hill, Robert R. Effects of Grazing upon Western Yellow Pine Repro- 

 duction in the National Forests of Arizona and New Mexico. 

 U. S. Dept. of Agr. Bui. 580, 1917. 



Jardine, James T. Efficient Regulation of Grazing in Relation to Timber 

 Reproduction. Jour, of Forestry, Vol. 18, No. 4, 1920. 

 The Pasturage System of Handling Range Sheep. U. S. Dept. of Agr., 

 Forest Service, Cir. 178, 1910. 



Mason, D. T. Utilization and Management of Lodgepole Pine in the Rocky 

 Mountains. U. S. Dept. of Agr. Bui. 234, 19x5. 



MuNGER, T. T. Western Yellow Pine in Oregon. U. S. Dept. of Agr. Bui. 

 418, 1917. 



Pearson, G. A. Reproduction of Western Yellow Pine in the Southwest. 

 U. S. Dept. of Agr., Forest Service, Cir. 174, 1910. 



Sampson, Arthur W. Effect of Grazing upon Aspen Reproduction. 

 U. S. Dept. of Agr. Bui. 741, 1919. 



