QUESTIONS 305 



dally during midsummer, while the back country is thickly covered with 

 good feed.i 



In most localities long periods of calm are likely to occur 

 during which the storage supply of water lifted by windmill 

 power is exhausted. For that reason gasoline or oil engines are 

 growing in popularity, especially as supplementary to the wind- 

 mill. For emergency purposes the engines are so mounted 

 that they can be readily moved from one well to another. 



QUESTIONS 



1. Discuss the availability of water on range lands in the far West and its 

 relation to forage utilization. 



2. (a) What are the daUy water requirements of cattle and horses during 

 warm weather when cropping (i) dry forage and (2) green feed? (b) What 

 are the water requirements of sheep? 



3. (a) How far may cattle travel to water and secure good utilization of 

 the forage (i) on plains and mesa range, and (2) on rugged, hilly range? 

 (b) Discuss the effects on both range and stock where the watering places 

 are several mUes apart. 



4. (a) How may springs be made to furnish a maximum water supply? 

 (b) Discuss curbing and fencing springs. 



5. Discuss stock-water improvement by the conservation of water from 

 seeps and swamps. 



6. (a) How far is spring or seep water usually piped? {b) Discuss the 

 location of water troughs, (c) What diameter of pipe is recommended for 

 conducting the water from spring to trough? 



7. Discuss the advantages or disadvantages in the construction and use of 

 (i) log troughs, (2) plank troughs, (3) circular wooden-stave troughs, (4) metal 

 and cement troughs. 



8. (a) What form of foundation is recommended for troughs? (b) In the 

 location of a trough what factors should be kept in mind? 



9. (a) Discuss the value of reservoirs as a means of increasing stock- 

 watering places, (b) Where and under what conditions of soil and topog- 

 raphy is it most feasible to locate a reservoir site? (c) How may "silting 

 in" of an efficient reservoir be avoided? 



10. What are the essential features of a good well? 



11. (a) To what extent is the construction of wells practicable in the arid 

 West? {b) What is the usual cost in Texas of an average efficient well, com- 

 plete with windmill or gasoline engine and other essentials? 



1 Smith, J. G., "Grazing Problems in the Southwest and How to Meet Them." 

 U. S. Dept. of Agr., Div. of Agrost., Bui. 16, p. 26, 1899. 



