GRAZING AND TIMBER RECONNAISSANCE COMPARED 32 1 



the map may be drawn on a scale of 2 or 4 inches to the mile. 

 Among other things the map aims to exhibit the following: 



1. Total range area. 



2. Natural subdivisions of each large grazing unit, showing the 

 location and acreage of spring, summer, autumn, and winter range. 



3. Area and location of the surface acres and the forage acres 

 of each type; general description of each grazing type with refer- 

 ence to improvement in its use and management generally ; also, 

 necessary improvements, such as the construction of trails, 

 stock driveways, bridges, and water developments, as well as 

 reseeding requirements. 



4. The proper period of use for each range division and its 

 exact grazing capacity. 



Grazing and Timber Reconnaissance Compared. — Students 

 of forestry familiar with the methods employed in timber recon- 

 naissance may be benefited by a summary of these methods as 

 compared with those of grazing reconnaissance. 



1. The methods and apphcation of timber reconnaissance were 

 well estabhshed a number of years before grazing was initiated. 

 In a general way, therefore, the methods of timber reconnais- 

 sance served as a basis for the methods followed in grazing 

 reconnaissance. 



2. In timber reconnaissance accurate control lines are estab- 

 lished prior to the location of cruising stri'ps. In grazing recon- 

 naissance control lines may be established, or the elevation and 

 azimuth may be carried along as the work progresses. 



3. In timber mapping, in surveyed country at least, every 

 alternate line in one direction is retraced and marked at various 

 intervals to serve as a checking and starting point. In the map- 

 ping of the range the Hnes are seldom retraced but are tied in if 

 possible. 



4. In unsurveyed country, both in timber and in grazing 

 reconnaissance, control lines are extended systematically across 

 the area or in the form of " meander " lines. 



5. In using the " strip " surveying method, each crew in 

 timber mapping is composed of two men, one of whom acts as a 

 compassman and the other as a cruiser. In the grazing work 

 each man works independently. 



