BIBLIOGRAPHY 327 



QUESTIONS 



1. Enumerate the chief objects of a grazing reconnaissance. 



2. What conditions of range and what extent of area justify the expense 

 of making a grazing reconnaissance? 



3. Name three problems of high importance to judicious range manage- 

 ment that a grazing reconnaissance aims to clarify. 



4. How many distinct grazing types are recognized in classifying a range 

 by the reconnaissance method? 



5. Discuss briefly the methods employed in obtaining grazing reconnais- 

 sance data, taking into account (i) the gridiron method, (2) the traverse- 

 sketching method, and (3) the triangulation method. 



6. Define (i) forage acre, (2) density of vegetation cover, (3) complete 

 ground cover. 



7. How would you express a forage type in terms of forage acres? 



8. (a) What are the advantages of forage-acre data in making carrying- 

 capacity estimates? (b) Enumerate factors other than the forage-acre data 

 that are important in determining the grazing capacity of a range. 



9. Discuss the comparative value of a forage acre of different types. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Breed, Charles B., and Hosmer, George L. The Principles and Prac- 

 tice of Surveying. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N. Y., 1917. 



Gary, Austin. A Manual for North American Woodsmen. Harvard 

 Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1918. 



Chapline, W. R. Production of Goats on Far Western Ranges. U. S. 

 Dept. of Agr. Bui. 749, 1919. 



Clements, Frederic E. Plant Indicators: The Relation of Plant Com- 

 munities to Processes and Practice. Carnegie Institution of Wash., 

 Pub. No. 290, 1920. 

 Plant Succession: An Analysis of the Development of Vegetation. 



Carnegie Institution of Wash., Pub. No. 242, 1916. 

 Research Methods in Ecology. Univ. Pub. Co., Lincoln, Nebr., 1905. 



Forest Service. Grazing Reconnaissance Outline. Unpubhshed Report 

 Wash., D. C. 



Jardine, James T., and Anderson, Mark. Range Management on the 

 National Forests. U. S. Dept. of Agr. Bui. 790, 1919. 



Jardine, James T., and Forsling, Clarence L. Range and Cattle Man- 

 agement During Drought. U. S. Dept. of Agr. Bui. 1031, 1922. 



Sampson, Arthur W. Important Forage Plants: Their Life History and 

 Forage Value. U. S. Dept. of Agr. Bui. 545, 191 7. 

 The Quadrat Method as Applied to Investigations in Forestry. Forest 

 Club Annual, Univ. of Nebr., Vol. 6, 1915. 



Wooton, E. O. Carrying Capacity of Grazing Ranges in Southern Ari 

 zona. U. S. Dept. of Agr. Bui. 367, 1916. 



