386 PASTURE MANAGEMENT AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION 



(3) Herbage largely consumed; mostly 

 tough and unpalatable. 



(4) Weather inclement; snow. 



(5) Other factors. 



F. Variation in forage yield (seasonal and possibly 

 by climatic cycles). 



a. Comparative annual yield of specially se- 

 lected " type " plots in different zones. 



b. Causes of seasonal variations. 



(i) Chmate (departures from normal, 



with data as to frequency). 

 (2) Utilization. 



(A) Earliness of grazing. 



(B) Frequency and closeness of 

 the croppings. 



c. Methods of study. 



(i) " Vigor " plots (artificial harvestings). 

 (2) Pasture plots (actual grazing tests). 



G. Revegetation. 



a. Natural reseeding to increase and maintain 

 forage yield. 



(i) Life-history studies of forage species. 

 (2) Deferred and rotation grazing. 



b. Artificial reseeding. 



(i) Cultivated species. 

 (2) Native species. 



(A) Seed-strip method. 

 2. Animals. 



A. Livestock. 



a. Grazing-capacity tests (to determine proper 

 stocking) . 



(i) On different types. 



(A) Grass, mixed herbage, browse 

 (composite and composed of 

 a single species). 

 (2) Animals for study. 



