60 HOW TO JUDGE A HORgg. 



slightest imperfection of his lungs, should be at 

 once rejected. There are several degrees of damaged 

 lungs, viz : tliiclc ivind, roaring, ivJieezing and ivMstlingf 

 all of which degenerate finally into broken wind 

 and arise from disease or obstruction of some of the 

 air passages of the lungs, the windpipe, bronchial 

 tubes or nostrils. Such diseased horses cannot be 

 cured, on the contrary they grow worse day by day, 

 even by moderate work, until the horse is totally 

 wind-broken and useless. 



Thick luind arises from insufficient space for the 

 expansion of the lungs, or, for the expiration of the 

 air through the bronchial tubes, owing to the thick- 

 ening of the mucous lining in consequence of former 

 inflammation. It is detected by the laborious 

 breathing which often extends almost to suffocation 

 and generally ends in broken wind. 



Roaring is a minor degree of thick wind, originat- 

 ing from thickening of a portion of the mucous 

 membrane within the windpipe, producing a con- 

 traction of the same, thereby preventing the freo 

 expiration of the breath. It is detected by the 

 exertion which causes the horse to expel the air 

 producing a loud puffing or roaring sound — the in- 

 spiration is noisless. It shows itself during excite- 

 ment or sudden motion. 



Wheezing is a modification of roaring, differ- 



