ABOUT DEIYING. 167 



STOPPING. 



The passing over from a trot to a walk, or to a 

 halt, should, if circumstances do not demand a short 

 stop, be made gradually, so as to prevent the horses 

 from slipping — especially on pavement — as also to 

 protect the occupants of the carriage from getting 

 jolted. In driving with one hand, turn your left 

 hand inward and upward, the little finger mounting 

 upward toward the body, thereby effectuating a pull 

 on the lines. A stylish driver will never be seen 

 lifting his arms up, or taking them back, or turning 

 out his elbows. Throwing back the body is only 

 admissible as a support in case of an unexpected 

 sharp stop becoming necessary. In that case it 

 is preferable to grasp with the right hand into the 

 reins in front of the left ; the right hand beiug 

 generally the stronger, by drawing back the lines, a 

 stop will be effectuated. The whip must be in readi- 

 ness, so that, in case the hands having acted too 

 sharp, a touch of the whip will bring the horses 

 up to the bit again. 



BACKING. 



Both horses should step back alike, on a straight 

 line, assisted by familar pulls on the lines, placing 

 the carriage in an oblique position thereby being 

 avoided. The horses should not be permitted to 



