ABOtJT DRmNG. 169 



To execute a sliort turn about on the sjDot is still 

 more difficult. At the first turn sideways, swing your 

 horses around carefully and so sharp, that they 

 come to stand at nearly right angles to the carriage, 

 taking care not to move the hind wheels from the 

 spot; then back and, at the same time, turn your 

 horses in the opposite direction, thereby bringing the 

 carriage into the new or opposite direction. All 

 changes of direction of this kind, should be executed 

 with great calmness and carefulness, and never by 

 jerking and rude whipping, as then the purpose 

 could never be reached, and the carriage might be- 

 come damaged. 



In winter time, if the horses are sharpened, it is 

 better to avoid, if possible, all similar sharp turns, 

 as the horses are very apt to hurt themselves seri- 

 ously. 



TURNING. 



In breaking in young horses, or, in driving in 

 crowded thoroughfares, it is advisable to drive with 

 two hands, that is: take in each hand, the correspond- 

 ing rein, or else, the left hand holdiug both reins, 

 must be assisted by the right. To all turns the im- 

 pulse is given by the right hand, and as this is also 

 holding the whip, it has to animate one or the other 

 horse, so as to support the pull on the reins, and to 



